ArticleHuman brain mapping2016
Effects of norepinephrine transporter gene variants on NET binding in ADHD and healthy controls investigated by PET.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Brain imaging genetics in ADHD and beyond - Mapping pathways from gene to disorder at different levels of complexity.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Ketamine influences the locus coeruleus norepinephrine network, with a dependency on norepinephrine transporter genotype - a placebo controlled fMRI study.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2018Trial
- Factors Influencing the Cardiovascular Response to Subanesthetic Ketamine: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Transdiagnostic monoamine-based subtyping for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder via unsupervised machine learning.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- The norepinephrine transporter gene modulates functional brain activations in drug-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Lingual Dyskinesia Developing after the First Dose of Methylphenidate Treatment in a Child with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Genetic Predispositions.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Review
- Noradrenergic gene variation shaping vulnerability and resilience by affecting mental health-related characteristics: A systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- Positron emission tomography studies in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Japanese journal of radiology · 2023Review
- ABCB1 variants and sex affect serotonin transporter occupancy in the brain.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Current Pharmacological Treatments for ADHD.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Review
- The therapeutic potential of exercise and caffeine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in athletes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- DNA methylome perturbations: an epigenetic basis for the emergingly heritable neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with maternal smoking and maternal nicotine exposure†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- The norepinephrine transporter gene modulates intrinsic brain activity, visual memory, and visual attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- A Novel Knowledge Distillation-Based Feature Selection for the Classification of ADHD.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Association of norepinephrine transporter methylation with in vivo NET expression and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms in ADHD measured with PET.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- ADORA2A variation and adenosine ATranslational psychiatry · 2020Article
- Gut instincts: vitamin D/vitamin D receptor and microbiome in neurodevelopment disorders.Open biology · 2020Review
- Recent advances in radiotracers targeting norepinephrine transporter: structural development and radiolabeling improvements.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous disorder with a strong genetic component. The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is a key target for ADHD treatment and the NET gene has been of high interest as a possible modulator of ADHD pathophysiology. Therefore, we conducted an imaging genetics study to examine possible effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the NET gene on NET nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND ) in patients with ADHD and healthy controls (HCs). Twenty adult patients with ADHD and 20 HCs underwent (S,S)-[18F]FMeNER-D2 positron emission tomography (PET) and were genotyped on a MassARRAY MALDI-TOF platform using the Sequenom iPLEX assay. Linear mixed models analyses revealed a genotype-dependent difference in NET BPND between groups in the thalamus and cerebellum. In the thalamus, a functional promoter SNP (-3081 A/T) and a 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) SNP (-182 T/C), showed higher binding in ADHD patients compared to HCs depending on the major allele. Furthermore, we detected an effect of genotype in HCs, with major allele carriers having lower binding. In contrast, for two 3'UTR SNPs (*269 T/C, *417 A/T), ADHD subjects had lower binding in the cerebellum compared to HCs depending on the major allele. Additionally, symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity correlated with NET BPND in the cerebellum depending on genotype. Symptoms correlated positively with cerebellar NET BPND for the major allele, while symptoms correlated negatively to NET BPND in minor allele carriers. Our findings support the role of genetic influence of the NE system on NET binding to be pertubated in ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.