ArticleThe European respiratory journal2016
Social inequalities in wheezing in children: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.
Article in The European respiratory journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of disparities on intensive care outcomes in children with respiratory diseases: A systematic review.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Pooled it
- Pre-pregnancy Maternal Weight and Gestational Weight Gain Increase the Risk for Childhood Asthma and Wheeze: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Phenotypes of Recurrent Wheezing in Preschool Children: Identification by Latent Class Analysis and Utility in Prediction of Future Exacerbation.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2019Trial
- Article
- Chronic respiratory morbidity and wheeze after preterm birth: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Social inequalities in childhood asthma.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Comparison of the Associations of Early-Life Factors on Wheezing Phenotypes in Preterm-Born Children and Term-Born Children.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Gestational age at birth and wheezing trajectories at 3-11 years.Archives of disease in childhood · 2018Article
- Breastfeeding and Childhood Wheeze: Age-Specific Analyses and Longitudinal Wheezing Phenotypes as Complementary Approaches to the Analysis of Cohort Data.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Does adiposity mediate the relationship between socioeconomic position and non-allergic asthma in childhood?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2018Article
- Have health inequalities changed during childhood in the New Labour generation? Findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Effect of socioeconomic conditions on frequent complaints of pain in children: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2017Article
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and its influence on childhood asthma.ERJ open research · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Wheezing in childhood is socially patterned, but it is unclear what factors explain the social differences.Regression analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study, based on 11 141 singleton children who participated at ages 9 months and 3, 5 and 7 years. Relative risk ratios (RRR) for early and persistent/relapsing wheeze were estimated using multinomial regression, according to measures of socioeconomic circumstances. Maternal, antenatal and early-life characteristics were assessed as potential mediators.Children of mothers with no educational qualifications were more likely to have both wheeze types, compared to children of mothers with degree-level qualifications (RRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.26-1.86 for early wheeze; 1.32 95% CI 1.04-1.67 for persistent/relapsing wheeze). Controlling for maternal age, smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding removed the elevated risk of wheezing. Male sex, maternal age, body mass index, atopy, smoking during pregnancy, preterm birth, breastfeeding, exposure to other children and furry pets were independently associated with wheezing, but the pattern of association varied between wheezing types.In this representative UK cohort, adjustment for maternal smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding removed the socioeconomic inequalities in common wheezing phenotypes. Policies to reduce the social gradient in these risk factors may reduce inequalities in wheezing and asthma.
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