ReviewClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2015
Brief History and Characterization of Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease.
Review in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research hotspots and global trends in respiratory syncytial virus over past five years.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Engineered tissues and strategies to overcome challenges in drug development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Safety, Immunogenicity, and Regimen Selection of Ad26.RSV.preF-Based Vaccine Combinations: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1/2a Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a ChAd155-Vectored Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Infants 6-7 Months of age: A Phase 1/2 Randomized Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Reduced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Load, Symptoms, and Infections: A Human Challenge Trial of MVA-BN-RSV Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted spike glycoprotein-clamp vaccine for SARS-CoV-2: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- A replication-competent adenovirus-vectored influenza vaccine induces durable systemic and mucosal immunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- First-in-Human Randomized Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Based on Chimpanzee-Adenovirus-155 Viral Vector-Expressing RSV Fusion, Nucleocapsid, and Antitermination Viral Proteins in Healthy Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- Live Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Candidate Containing Stabilized Temperature-Sensitivity Mutations Is Highly Attenuated in RSV-Seronegative Infants and Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- The New Era of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Protection for Infants: A Mini Review of Current Tools for Immunoprophylaxis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Review
- Immunogenicity of a Recombinant MVA Vector Vaccine Expressing the Prefusion RSV F Protein in Balb/c Mice.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Development and Immunogenicity Evaluation of an RSV Recombinant Vaccine Displaying a Conserved Domain of RSV G.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus - from discovery to vaccines.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Review
- A potently neutralizing and protective human antibody targeting antigenic site V on RSV and hMPV fusion glycoprotein.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Bivalent RSVpreF Subunit Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity in Seropositive 2-<18 Year Olds.Vaccines · 2026Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 1967, infants and toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) experienced an enhanced form of RSV disease characterized by high fever, bronchopneumonia, and wheezing when they became infected with wild-type virus in the community. Hospitalizations were frequent, and two immunized toddlers died upon infection with wild-type RSV. The enhanced disease was initially characterized as a "peribronchiolar monocytic infiltration with some excess in eosinophils." Decades of research defined enhanced RSV disease (ERD) as the result of immunization with antigens not processed in the cytoplasm, resulting in a nonprotective antibody response and CD4(+) T helper priming in the absence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This response to vaccination led to a pathogenic Th2 memory response with eosinophil and immune complex deposition in the lungs after RSV infection. In recent years, the field of RSV experienced significant changes. Numerous vaccine candidates with novel designs and formulations are approaching clinical trials, defying our previous understanding of favorable parameters for ERD. This review provides a succinct analysis of these parameters and explores criteria for assessing the risk of ERD in new vaccine candidates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.