ArticleDiabetologia2016
The implications of autoantibodies to a single islet antigen in relatives with normal glucose tolerance: development of other autoantibodies and progression to type 1 diabetes.
Article in Diabetologia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, and Strategies to Preserve Beta-Cell Function in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2019Trial
- International consensus guidance for general population screening for islet autoantibodies to diagnose early-stage type 1 diabetes: a nominal group technique process.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Article
- Small things matter: Lack of extraislet β cells in type 1 diabetes.Science advances · 2025Article
- Single-cell multiome and spatial profiling reveals pancreas cell type-specific gene regulatory programs of type 1 diabetes progression.Science advances · 2025Article
- Beyond Stages: Predicting Individual Time Dependent Risk for Type 1 Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Biochemical Characteristics and Performance of the 3 Screen ICA ELISA Kit.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody-positive pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Circulating pancreatic enzyme levels are a causal biomarker of type 1 diabetes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Consensus Guidance for Monitoring Individuals With Islet Autoantibody-Positive Pre-Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- The role of B cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Network Cluster Analysis of PPI and Phenotype Ontology for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2024Article
- Understanding Islet Autoantibodies in Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Review
- Islet autoimmunity in human type 1 diabetes: initiation and progression from the perspective of the beta cell.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Identification of an anergic BND cell-derived activated B cell population (BND2) in young-onset type 1 diabetes patients.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Possible heterogeneity of initial pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmunity heralding type 1 diabetes.Journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Distribution of autoantibodies to insulinoma-associated antigen-2 and zinc transporter 8 in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes: A nationwide, multicentre, cross-sectional study.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2023Article
- The relationship between GAD65 autoantibody and the risk of T1DM onset.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisAutoantibodies directed at single islet autoantigens are associated with lower overall risk of type 1 diabetes than multiple autoantibodies, but individuals with one autoantibody may progress to higher risk categories. We examined the characteristics of this progression in relatives followed prospectively in the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention.
methodsThe study population comprised 983 relatives who were single autoantibody positive with normal baseline glucose tolerance (median age 16.2 years). Samples were screened for antibodies to GAD, insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2) and insulin, and all positive samples tested for antibodies to zinc transporter 8 and islet cell antibodies.
resultsAntibodies to at least one additional islet autoantigen appeared in 118 of 983 relatives (overall 5 year risk 22%, 95% CI [17.9, 26.1]). At baseline, antibodies to GAD alone (68%) were more frequent than antibodies to insulin (26%) or IA-2 (6%), but all were associated with a similar risk of developing additional autoantibodies. Risk was associated with younger age (p = 0.002) and HLA class II genotype, but was similar in high and intermediate genetic risk groups (p = 0.65). Relatives who became multiple autoantibody positive during the follow-up had increased risk of developing diabetes comparable with the risk in relatives with multiple autoantibodies at study entry. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationProgression of islet autoimmunity in single autoantibody positive relatives in late childhood/adult life is associated with a predominance of autoantibodies to GAD and a distinct HLA risk profile. This heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes autoimmunity has potentially important implications for disease prevention.
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