ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2016
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Activation in the Ventral Tegmental Area Decreases the Reinforcing Efficacy of Cocaine.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in substance use disorders - a systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- An Overview of Appetite-Regulatory Peptides in Addiction Processes; From Bench to Bed Side.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Can GLP-1 Be a Target for Reward System Related Disorders? A Qualitative Synthesis and Systematic Review Analysis of Studies on Palatable Food, Drugs of Abuse, and Alcohol.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists on substance use disorder (SUD)-related behavioural effects of drugs and alcohol: A systematic review.Physiology & behavior · 2019Pooled it
- Testing the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cocaine self-administration and subjective responses in humans with cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Acute glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, attenuates cue-, drug-, and stress-induced fentanyl seeking in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2026Article
- Dorsomedial striatal GABA dynamics organize palatable reward consumption and are reshaped by GLP-1 receptor agonism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Resolution of anhedonia-like symptoms in patients treated for obesity with tirzepatide: A three-case series.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Substance Use Disorders in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Observational
- Exendin-4 alleviates anxiety-like behaviors in chronic restraint stress miceActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Chronic semaglutide alters ingestive behavior without impairing taste function in mice.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Cocaine Use Disorder: Clinical Observations and Underlying Mechanisms.Fundamental & clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- Volitional cocaine taking engages distinct medium spiny neuron and astrocyte transcriptional programs in the rat nucleus accumbens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A rapid review of the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on opioid and stimulant use-related outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, attenuates intravenous self-administration of fentanyl in female rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Brain: Exploring the Expanding Role and Safety in Neuropsychiatry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tirzepatide attenuates mesolimbic cocaine-evoked dopamine levels and reduces cocaine taking, motivation and seeking behaviours in male rodents.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- GLP-1 at the Metabolic-Cognitive Interface: Reward, Affect, and Memory.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Brain Amylin Signaling, Feeding, and Reward.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Chronic semaglutide treatment enhances the incentive motivational value of a small food reward and associated cue in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cocaine addiction continues to be a significant public health problem for which there are currently no effective FDA-approved treatments. Thus, there is a clear need to identify and develop novel pharmacotherapies for cocaine addiction. Recent evidence indicates that activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) reduces intake of highly palatable food. As the neural circuits and neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug taking overlap to some degree with those regulating food intake, these findings suggest that activation of central GLP-1 receptors may also attenuate cocaine taking. Here, we show that intra-VTA administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 (0.05 μg) significantly reduced cocaine, but not sucrose, self-administration in rats. We also demonstrate that cocaine taking is associated with elevated plasma corticosterone levels and that systemic infusion of cocaine activates GLP-1-expressing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a hindbrain nucleus that projects monosynaptically to the VTA. To determine the potential mechanisms by which cocaine activates NTS GLP-1-expressing neurons, we microinjected corticosterone (0.5 μg) directly into the hindbrain fourth ventricle. Intraventricular corticosterone attenuated cocaine self-administration and this effect was blocked in animals pretreated with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-(9-39) (10 μg) in the VTA. Finally, AAV-shRNA-mediated knockdown of VTA GLP-1 receptors was sufficient to augment cocaine self-administration. Taken together, these findings indicate that increased activation of NTS GLP-1-expressing neurons by corticosterone may represent a homeostatic response to cocaine taking, thereby reducing the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine. Therefore, central GLP-1 receptors may represent a novel target for cocaine addiction pharmacotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.