ArticleJournal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR2015
Test Re-Test Reliability and Validity of Different Visual Acuity and Stereoacuity Charts Used in Preschool Children.
Article in Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural micro and macrostructural correlates of visual outcomes in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A fixel-based study.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
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- Validation of the Affordable, Portable International Visionkeys System for Visual Acuity and Stereopsis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Discrimination of paediatric acuity test optotypes by 6-year-old children.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023Article
- Influence of Interocular Differences and Alcohol Consumption on Binocular Visual Performance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Automated vision screening of children using a mobile graphic device.Eye (London, England) · 2023Observational
- Acuity Comparison Methods via Timed Test-Retest Precision of Matching-Card e-ETDRS Compared to PDI Check in Treated Amblyopes and Superb Normals.Clinical optometry · 2023Article
- Using a Computerised Staircase and Incremental Optotype Sizes to Improve Visual Acuity Assessment Accuracy.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2022Article
- Pinhole does not increase screening accuracy of detecting decreased best corrected visual acuity in schoolchildren.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Changes in Visual Performance under the Effects of Moderate-High Alcohol Consumption: The Influence of Biological Sex.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Reduced visual acuity in children from 5 to 6 years old, with LEA chart.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Article
- Development of Refractive Parameters in 3- to 6-Year-Old Children and Its Application in Myopia Prediction and Intervention Guidance.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2021Article
- Comparison of the therapeutic effects of surgery following prism adaptation test versus surgery alone in acute acquired comitant esotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Feasibility of a school-based vision screening program to detect undiagnosed visual problems in kindergarten children in Ontario.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2020Article
- A New System for Assessing Visual Disability Using a Digital Visor.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Choosing appropriate tools and referral criteria for vision screening of children aged 4-5 years in Canada: a quantitative analysis.BMJ open · 2019Article
- One-year test-retest reliability of ten vision tests in Canadian athletes.F1000Research · 2019Article
- Calibrated measurement of acuity, color and stereopsis on a NintendoClinical optometry · 2019Article
- Should tumbling E go out of date in amblyopia screening? Evidence from a population-based sample normative in children aged 3-4 years.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- The prevalence and types of strabismus, and average of stereopsis in Japanese adults.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreschool vision screenings are cost effective ways to detect children with vision impairments. The use of any vision tests in children must be age appropriate, testable, repeatable and valid.
aimTo compare the test re-test reliability, sensitivity and specificity of different visual acuity and stereo acuity charts used in preschool children. MATERIALS AND
methodsMonocular visual acuity of 90 subjects (180 eyes) of age 36 to 71 months was assessed with HOTV, Lea and E-chart in a preschool located in a semi urban area, Manipal, Karnataka. After the vision assessment, stereo acuity was recorded using Frisby and Titmus stereo charts followed by comprehensive eye examination. Repeated measurements of visual acuity and stereo acuity were done one week after the initial assessment.
resultsMean age of children was 53± 10 months with equal gender distribution. Intra class correlation (ICC) of Lea, HOTV, E-chart, Frisby and Titmus charts were 0.96, 0.99, 0.92, 1.0 and 1.0 respectively. The area under receiver operating curve (ROC) for Lea and E-chart was 0.892 and 0.776. HOTV was considered as the gold standard as it showed the least difference on repeated measurements. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of E-chart was 99, 15, 45, 94 and 21.8 percent, and Lea was 93, 56, 59 and 92 percent. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Frisby was 75, 27, 9, 92 percent were as of Titmus was 75, 13, 8 and 85 percent respectively.
conclusionHOTV chart can be used as the gold standard for measuring visual acuity of pre-schoolers in a semi urban area. Lea chart can be used in the absence of HOTV chart. Frisby and Titmus charts are good screening tools, but with poor diagnostic criteria.
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