Observational studyBMJ open2015
Primary care consultation rates among people with and without severe mental illness: a UK cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increasing uptake of physical health checks for people living with severe mental illness: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of UK Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance programme on quality of primary care: systematic review with quantitative synthesis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants of Physical Health Self-Management Behaviours in Adults With Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Severe mental illness and health service utilisation for nonpsychiatric medical disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2020Pooled it
- The role of the Quality and Outcomes Framework in the care of long-term conditions: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- Quality-of-life and self-perceived inequity in people with severe mental illness: the SOFIA pilot study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026Trial
- Primary care use among adults with eating disorders in England: a population-based cohort study using electronic health records.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Bowel cancer care in individuals with an intellectual disability: a population-based cohort study of symptoms, diagnostic pathways, treatment and survival.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Clustering of multimorbidity in stroke and transient ischaemic attack survivors: a population-based study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Characterizing Infectious Disease Mortality in Severe Mental Illness: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Observational
- Cancer diagnoses, referrals, and survival in people with a learning disability in the UK: a population-based, matched cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on primary care contact among vulnerable populations in England: a controlled interrupted time-series study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Area-level factors associated with variation in involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation across England: a cross-sectional, ecological study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Developing an algorithm to identify individuals with psychosis in secondary care in England: application using the Mental Health Services Data Set.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Defining Mental Health Conditions Within Primary Care Data: A Validation Study With a Mixed Qualitative and Quantitative Approach.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Primary care contact, clinical management, and suicide risk following discharge from inpatient mental health care: a case-control study.BJGP open · 2024Article
- Recognising and Responding to Suicide-Risk Factors in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2024Article
- Impact of moderate-to-high-suicide-intent in major depressive disorder: a retrospective cohort study on patient characteristics and healthcare resource utilisation in England.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLittle is known about service utilisation by patients with severe mental illness (SMI) in UK primary care. We examined their consultation rate patterns and whether they were impacted by the introduction of the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), in 2004.
designRetrospective cohort study using individual patient data collected from 2000 to 2012.
setting627 general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a large UK primary care database.
participantsSMI cases (346,551) matched to 5 individuals without SMI (1,732,755) on age, gender and general practice. OUTCOME MEASURES: Consultation rates were calculated for both groups, across 3 types: face-to-face (primary outcome), telephone and other (not only consultations but including administrative tasks). Poisson regression analyses were used to identify predictors of consultation rates and calculate adjusted consultation rates. Interrupted time-series analysis was used to quantify the effect of the QOF.
resultsOver the study period, face-to-face consultations in primary care remained relatively stable in the matched control group (between 4.5 and 4.9 per annum) but increased for people with SMI (8.8-10.9). Women and older patients consulted more frequently in the SMI and the matched control groups, across all 3 consultation types. Following the introduction of the QOF, there was an increase in the annual trend of face-to-face consultation for people with SMI (average increase of 0.19 consultations per patient per year, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.36), which was not observed for the control group (estimates across groups statistically different, p=0.022).
conclusionsThe introduction of the QOF was associated with increases in the frequency of monitoring and in the average number of reported comorbidities for patients with SMI. This suggests that the QOF scheme successfully incentivised practices to improve their monitoring of the mental and physical health of this group of patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.