ArticleCell death & disease2015
Nucleoprotein of influenza A virus negatively impacts antiapoptotic protein API5 to enhance E2F1-dependent apoptosis and virus replication.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissecting Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Infection: Comparative Insights from Human Models.Viruses · 2026Review
- Orchestrating immunopathology: the spectrum of programmed cell death pathways co-opted by influenza a virus in pulmonary immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- API5 Phosphorylation Promotes Antiviral Immunity by Inhibiting Degradation of Cytosolic RNA Sensor RLRs.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of programmed cell death in organ dysfunction induced by opportunistic pathogens.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Review
- Viral strategies to antagonize the host antiviral innate immunity: an indispensable research direction for emerging virus-host interactions.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Influenza A Virus-Induced Cell Death and Emerging Treatment Strategies.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Novel Core Gene Signature Associated with Inflammation-to-Metaplasia Transition in Influenza A Virus-Infected Lungs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Betacyanins from red pitahaya (Heliyon · 2024Article
- Apoptosis Inhibitor 5: A Multifaceted Regulator of Cell Fate.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- The nucleoprotein of influenza A virus inhibits the innate immune response by inducing mitophagy.Autophagy · 2023Article
- Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of an Expanding H3 Influenza A Virus Clade in U.S. Swine Visualized by Nextstrain.mSphere · 2022Article
- The Contribution of Viral Proteins to the Synergy of Influenza and Bacterial Co-Infection.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- DeSUMOylation of Apoptosis Inhibitor 5 bymBio · 2021Article
- Interplay between p300 and HDAC1 regulate acetylation and stability of Api5 to regulate cell proliferation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Potential Molecular Mechanisms and Remdesivir Treatment for Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 Infection/COVID 19 Through RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2021Article
- Molecular Events Involved in Influenza A Virus-Induced Cell Death.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Alteration in the Culex pipiens transcriptome reveals diverse mechanisms of the mosquito immune system implicated upon Rift Valley fever phlebovirus exposure.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Apoptosis of host cells profoundly influences virus propagation and dissemination, events that are integral to influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenesis. The trigger for activation of apoptosis is regulated by an intricate interplay between cellular and viral proteins, with a strong bearing on IAV replication. Though the knowledge of viral proteins and mechanisms employed by IAV to induce apoptosis has advanced considerably of late, we know relatively little about the repertoire of host factors targeted by viral proteins. Thus, identification of cellular proteins that are hijacked by the virus will help us not only to understand the molecular underpinnings of IAV-induced apoptosis, but also to design future antiviral therapies. Here we show that the nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV directly interacts with and suppresses the expression of API5, a host antiapoptotic protein that antagonizes E2F1-dependent apoptosis. siRNA-mediated depletion of API5, in NP-overexpressed as well as IAV-infected cells, leads to upregulation of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1), a downstream modulator of E2F1-mediated apoptosis, and cleavage of caspases 9 and 3, although a reciprocal pattern of these events was observed on ectopic overexpression of API5. In concordance with these observations, annexin V and 7AAD staining assays exhibit downregulation of early and late apoptosis in IAV-infected or NP-transfected cells on overexpression of API5. Most significantly, while overexpression of API5 decreases viral titers, cellular NP protein as well as mRNA levels in IAV-infected A549 cells, silencing of API5 expression causes a steep rise in the same parameters. From the data reported in this manuscript, we propose a proapoptotic role for NP in IAV pathogenesis, whereby it suppresses expression of antiapoptotic factor API5, thus potentiating the E2F1-dependent apoptotic pathway and ensuring viral replication.
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