Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26672724›Full record

ArticleMelanoma research2016

AHNAK is downregulated in melanoma, predicts poor outcome, and may be required for the expression of functional cadherin-1.

Hilary M Sheppard, Vaughan Feisst, Jennifer Chen, Cris Print, P Rod Dunbar

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Melanoma research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. SMARCA4 promotes benign skin malignant transformation into melanoma through Adherens junction signal transduction.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021
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  17. Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Hilary M SheppardaSchool of Biological Sciences bMaurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery cBioinformatics Institute, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Vaughan Feisst
Jennifer Chen
Cris Print
P Rod Dunbar
Creative Commons · USMaurice Wilkins Centre · NZUniversity of Auckland · NZ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to further our understanding of the transformation process by identifying differentially expressed proteins in melanocytes compared with melanoma cell lines. Tandem mass spectrometry incorporating iTRAQ reagents was used as a screen to identify and comparatively quantify the expression of proteins in membrane-enriched samples isolated from primary human melanocytes or three melanoma cells lines. Real-time PCR was used to validate significant hits. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate the expression of proteins of interest in melanocytes in human skin and in melanoma-infiltrated lymph nodes. Publically available databases were examined to assess mRNA expression and correlation to patient outcome in a larger cohort of samples. Finally, preliminary functional studies were carried out using siRNAs to reduce the expression of a protein of interest in primary melanocytes and in a keratinocyte cell line. Two proteins, AHNAK and ANXA2, were significantly downregulated in the melanoma cell lines compared with melanocytes. Downregulation was confirmed in tumor cells in a subset of human melanoma-infiltrated human lymph nodes compared with melanocytes in human skin. Examination of Gene Expression Omnibus database data sets suggests that downregulation of AHNAK mRNA and mutation of the AHNAK gene are common in metastatic melanoma and correlates to a poor outcome. Knockdown of AHNAK in primary melanocytes and in a keratinocyte cell line led to a reduction in detectable cadherin-1. This is the first report that we are aware of which correlates a loss of AHNAK with melanoma and poor patient outcome. We hypothesize that AHNAK is required for the expression of functional cadherin-1.

Indexed as

Annexin A2CadherinsDown-RegulationGene ExpressionHumansMelanomaMembrane ProteinsNeoplasm ProteinsReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerSkin NeoplasmsTransfectionTreatment OutcomeAHNAK protein, humanAnnexin A2ANXA2 protein, humanCadherinsMembrane ProteinsNeoplasm ProteinsRNA, Messenger

Identifiers

PMID26672724
PMCPMC4777222
OpenAlexW2329838155

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.