SynthesisBMJ open2015
Effect of smoking on physical and cognitive capability in later life: a multicohort study using observational and genetic approaches.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between smoking and the incidence of frailty.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2019Pooled it
- Which Risk Factors Causally Influence Dementia? A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2018Pooled it
- Bladder Cancer Survivors Who Do Not Smoke Have Better Longitudinal Health-Related Quality of Life Measures: An Assessment of the Comparative Effectiveness and Survivorship Health in Bladder Cancer (CEASE-BC) Study.The Journal of urology · 2024Article
- Relationship of smoking cessation duration and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and genetics for targeted prevention of dementia.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare professionals regarding smoking and smoking cessation among the elderly in France.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- Association of DNA methylation signatures with cognitive performance among smokers and ex-smokers.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Cognition, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Methylation, and Abstinence Duration-Associated Multimodal Brain Networks in Smoking and Long-Term Smoking Cessation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Early-Life Conditions and Cognitive Function in Middle-and Old-Aged Chinese Adults: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Association between sarcopenia and levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the elderly.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Article
- Associations Between Factors Across Life and One-Legged Balance Performance in Mid and Later Life: Evidence From a British Birth Cohort Study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2020Article
- Geriatric assessment and 1-year mortality in older patients with cancer in the head and neck region: A cohort study.Head & neck · 2019Article
- Heightened olfactory dysfunction and oral irritation among chronic smokers and heightened propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness among menthol smokers.Physiology & behavior · 2019Article
- Exposure to Passive Smoking and Impairment in Physical Function in Older People.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2018Article
- Framingham Stroke Risk Profile is related to cerebral small vessel disease progression and lower cognitive performance in patients with hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Article
- It's Harder to Push, When I Have to Push Hard-Physical Exertion and Fatigue Changes Reasoning and Decision-Making on Hypothetical Moral Dilemmas in Males.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
- Oral application of a periodontal pathogen impacts SerpinE1 expression and pancreatic islet architecture in prediabetes.Journal of periodontal research · 2017Article
- Epidemiology of Sarcopenia: Determinants Throughout the Lifecourse.Calcified tissue international · 2017Review
- Epidemiology of sarcopenia and insight into possible therapeutic targets.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe observed associations between smoking and functional measures at older ages are vulnerable to bias and confounding. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genotype as an instrumental variable to estimate unconfounded causal associations. We conducted a meta-analysis of the observational associations and implemented an MR approach using the smoking-related single nucleotide polymorphism rs16969968 to explore their causal nature.
setting9 British cohorts belonging to the HALCyon collaboration.
participantsIndividual participant data on N=26,692 individuals of European ancestry (N from earliest phase analysed per study) of mean ages 50-79 years were available for inclusion in observational meta-analyses of the primary outcomes. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: Physical capability, cognitive capability and cognitive decline. The smoking exposures were cigarettes per day, current versus ex-smoker, current versus never smoker and ever versus never smoker.
resultsIn observational analyses current and ever smoking were generally associated with poorer physical and cognitive capability. For example, current smokers had a general fluid cognition score which was 0.17 z-score units (95% CI -0.221 to -0.124) lower than ex-smokers in cross-sectional analyses. Current smokers had a walk speed which was 0.25 z-score units lower than never smokers (95% CI -0.338 to -0.170). An MR instrumental variable approach for current versus ex-smoker and number of cigarettes smoked per day produced CIs which neither confirmed nor refuted the observational estimates. The number of genetic associations stratified by smoking status were consistent with type I error.
conclusionsOur observational analysis supports the hypothesis that smoking is detrimental to physical and cognitive capability. Further studies are needed for a suitably powered MR approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.