ArticleThyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association2016
Effects of Pregnancy on Papillary Microcarcinomas of the Thyroid Re-Evaluated in the Entire Patient Series at Kuma Hospital.
Article in Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- 2025 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Management Guideline on Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Guideline
- The 2024 revised clinical guidelines on the management of thyroid tumors by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery.Endocrine journal · 2025Guideline
- Risk factors for tumor enlargement in low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2024Pooled it
- Active Surveillance Versus Thyroid Surgery for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Pooled it
- Incidentally detected papillary thyroid carcinoma does not impair pregnancy outcomes during fertility treatment.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Active surveillance for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: Integrating guidelines, emerging evidence, and directions.iScience · 2026Review
- Association of gravidity, parity, and abortion history with nodal metastasis in women with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Outcomes of in vitro fertilization for women with thyroid cancer: a case report.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Observational
- Thyroid cancer and pregnancy: a systematic ten-year-review.Gland surgery · 2024Review
- Thirty years of active surveillance for low-risk thyroid cancer, lessons learned and future directions.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancers: A Review of Current Practice Guidelines.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Review
- Choice of management strategy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: active surveillance or immediate surgery?Journal of Cancer · 2024Review
- Effect of Pregnancy and Menopause on Micropapillary Thyroid Carcinomas During Active Surveillance.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Conservative management of low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma: a review of the active surveillance experience.Thyroid research · 2023Review
- Clinical course and outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pregnancy after diagnosis of distant metastasis.Endocrine · 2022Article
- Assessment and treatment of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- The Risk Stratification of Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Bethesda Category III (Atypia of Undetermined Significance/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance) by Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Could Be Assisted by Tumor Size for Precision Treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Sex Bias in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn active-surveillance clinical trial of low-risk papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) patients has been performed at the authors' institution, Kuma Hospital, since 1993. Favorable oncological results have been reported. During the trial, a few patients were encountered with PMC that showed enlargement during pregnancy, and these cases have been reported. During pregnancy, a large amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) having weak thyrotropin (TSH) activity is produced, possibly affecting the progression of PMC. This study investigated how pregnancy and delivery influenced the progression of PMC in the entire active surveillance PMC patient series.
methodsFrom 1993 to 2013, 1841 patients with low-risk PMC chose the active surveillance program. Fifty of the 1549 female PMC patients experienced 51 pregnancies/deliveries. To minimize observer variation, a single specialist sonographer re-evaluated the changes in the size of these 50 patients' PMCs before and after the pregnancies/deliveries.
resultsFour patients (8%) showed enlargement of PMC by ≥3 mm; one patient (2%) showed a decrease by ≥3 mm, and the remaining 44 patients (45 events, 90%) showed stable disease. None of the patients had a novel appearance of lymph node metastases during pregnancy. Of the four patients with enlargement, two underwent surgery after delivery, and the other two continued the active surveillance, since their tumors did not grow after the delivery. After delivery, the PMC of one of these four patients remained stable, and another showed a decrease in PMC size. To date, six more PMC patients underwent surgery after delivery for reasons other than disease progression due to pregnancy and delivery: two opted out of active surveillance, two were identified with a nodal metastasis during active surveillance after delivery, one had Graves' disease, and one showed enlargement of nodules of the contralateral lobe.
conclusionsPregnancy and delivery was associated with an increase in size of PMCs in only 8% of the 51 pregnancies/delivery cases. None of the patients developed nodal metastasis during pregnancy. Thus, a possible future pregnancy does not prevent such patients from undergoing active surveillance, although watchful observation during pregnancy is recommended.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.