Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26670127›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2016

Circulating Sex Hormones and Risk of Uterine Fibroids: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Jason Y Y Wong, Ellen B Gold, Wesley O Johnson, Jennifer S Lee

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Prevalence and associated risk factors of uterine fibroids in the Kingdom of Eswatini.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Modeling Uterine Fibroids Using Bioengineered Hydrogels.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. The Gut Microbiota: a Novel Player in the Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Impact of Contraception on Uterine Fibroids.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Jason Y Y WongDepartment of Medicine (J.Y.Y.W., J.S.L.), Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, and Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Public Health Sciences (E.B.G.), Division of Epidemiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616; Department of Statistics (W.O.J.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Medical Services and Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program (J.S.L.), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304.
Ellen B GoldDepartment of Medicine (J.Y.Y.W., J.S.L.), Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, and Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Public Health Sciences (E.B.G.), Division of Epidemiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616; Department of Statistics (W.O.J.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Medical Services and Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program (J.S.L.), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304.
Wesley O JohnsonDepartment of Medicine (J.Y.Y.W., J.S.L.), Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, and Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Public Health Sciences (E.B.G.), Division of Epidemiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616; Department of Statistics (W.O.J.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Medical Services and Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program (J.S.L.), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304.
Jennifer S LeeDepartment of Medicine (J.Y.Y.W., J.S.L.), Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, and Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Public Health Sciences (E.B.G.), Division of Epidemiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616; Department of Statistics (W.O.J.), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Medical Services and Cooperative Studies Program Coordinating Center, Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program (J.S.L.), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304.
Stanford University · USUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of California, Irvine · USVeterans Health Administration · US

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--COORDINATING CENTERU01AG012553 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI BROOKS, MARIA MORI · 1994 to 2019
$37.7M
SWAN Repository IVU01AG017719 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HARLOW, SIOBAN D · 2000 to 2020
$25.0M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--ENDOCRINE LABU01AG012495 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MCCONNELL, DANIEL S · 1994 to 2018
$18.8M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--PITTSBURGHU01AG012546 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI MATTHEWS, KAREN · 1994 to 2019
$16.2M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--UCDAVISU01AG012554 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI GOLD, ELLEN B. · 1994 to 2019
$14.5M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--UCLAU01AG012539 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GREENDALE, GAIL A · 1994 to 2018
$13.7M
THE STUDY OF WOMEN'S HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION-MICHIGANU01NR004061 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI HARLOW, SIOBAN D · 1994 to 2018
$12.9M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--CHICAGOU01AG012505 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI KRAVITZ, HOWARD M · 1994 to 2019
$11.9M
WOMENS HEALTH ACROSS THE NATION--MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HU01AG012531 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FINKELSTEIN, JOEL S · 1994 to 2019
$10.7M
Women's Health Across the Nation-New Jersey SiteU01AG012535 · NIA · UNIV OF MED/DENT OF NJ-NJ MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI DERBY, CAROL A. · 1994 to 2019
$9.2M
Metabolic Syndrome as Women Undergo Menopausal Transition: A Multi-Ethnic StudyR21AG040568 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI LEE, JENNIFER S · 2011 to 2013
$392k
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NIA NIH HHS 7R21AG040568NIA NIH HHS R21 AG040568NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012495NIA NIH HHS U01AG012495NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012505NIA NIH HHS U01AG012505NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012531NIA NIH HHS U01AG012531NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012535NIA NIH HHS U01AG012535NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012539NIA NIH HHS U01AG012539NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012546NIA NIH HHS U01AG012546NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012553NIA NIH HHS U01AG012553NIA NIH HHS U01 AG012554NIA NIH HHS U01AG012554NIA NIH HHS U01 AG017719NIA NIH HHS U01AG017719NINR NIH HHS U01 NR004061NINR NIH HHS U01NR004061
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextEstrogen has been implicated in the development of uterine fibroids. However, the contribution of androgen in women is unknown.

objectiveOur objective was to assess the longitudinal relations of circulating androgens and estradiol (E2) and their joint effects to the risk of developing fibroids.

designThis is a 13-year longitudinal study in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

settingThis study was conducted in seven sites across the United States (1997-2013).

participantsAt baseline, 3240 pre- or early peri-menopausal women with an intact uterus, ages 45-52 years were included; 43.6% completed the follow-up. There were 512 incident and 478 recurrent fibroid cases. EXPOSURES: We measured near-annual time-varying serum levels of bioavailable E2 and bioavailable T, dichotomized at the median (high vs low). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We estimated the conditional odds ratio (OR) of fibroids in the ensuing year using discrete-time proportional odds models adjusted for race/ethnicity/site, age, body mass index, menopausal stage, reproductive factors, smoking, timing of blood draw, and FSH.

resultsWomen with high T had a statistically significant increased risk of incident fibroids (OR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.76; P = .04), but not recurrent fibroids. This risk was further elevated in those with high T and E2 (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.07-2.17; P = .02). High E2 and T was associated with lower risk of recurrent fibroids (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.26-0.96; P = .04).

conclusionsHigh T with high E2 was associated with an elevated risk of incident fibroids in midlife women who never reported fibroids before baseline. Conversely, the risk of recurrent fibroids was mitigated in women with high E2 and high T.

Indexed as

Women's HealthAdultAndrogensEstradiolFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGonadal Steroid HormonesHealth SurveysHumansLeiomyomaLongitudinal StudiesMiddle AgedRecurrenceRisk AssessmentSmokingUnited StatesAndrogensEstradiolGonadal Steroid Hormones

Identifiers

PMID26670127
PMCPMC4701845
OpenAlexW2206246013

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.