ArticleClinical and translational allergy2015
Expression profiling and functional analysis of Toll-like receptors in primary healthy human nasal epithelial cells shows no correlation and a refractory LPS response.
Article in Clinical and translational allergy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- CRSwNP-derived cells retain native disease-relevant characteristics in vitro.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2026Article
- Priming mucosal pathogen-agnostic innate immunity with an intranasal TLR2/6 agonist in an aged population.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- TLR7 deficiency enhances inflammation in the URT but reduces LRT immunity following influenza A infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intracellular bacterial LPS drives pyroptosis and promotes aggressive phenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Developing a multiepitope vaccine for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus co-infection: A reverse vaccinology analysis.International immunopharmacology · 2023Article
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 variants: A path to infection and recovery.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Review
- Differential Effects of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling on the Activation of Immune Responses in the Upper Respiratory Tract.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein binding to multiple host receptors enables cell entry and infection.Glycoconjugate journal · 2021Review
- Article
- Can SARS-CoV-2 Virus Use Multiple Receptors to Enter Host Cells?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- TLR Signals in Epithelial Cells in the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses.Frontiers in allergy · 2021Review
- Analysis the effect of miR-141-3p/HMGB1 in LPS-induced mucus production and the apoptosis in nasal epithelial cells.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
- FcγRIII stimulation breaks the tolerance of human nasal epithelial cells to bacteria through cross-talk with TLR4.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
- International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2018Article
- A PCR-based method for quantifying neutrophils in human nasal secretions.Journal of immunological methods · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInnate immune recognition via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on barrier cells like epithelial cells has been shown to influence the regulation of local immune responses. Here we determine expression level variations and functionality of TLRs in nasal epithelial cells from healthy donors.
methodsExpression levels of the different TLRs on primary nasal epithelial cells from healthy donors derived from inferior turbinates was determined by RT-PCR. Functionality of the TLRs was determined by stimulation with the respective ligand and evaluation of released mediators by Luminex ELISA.
resultsPrimary nasal epithelial cells express different levels of TLR1-6 and TLR9. We were unable to detect mRNA of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR10. Stimulation with Poly(I:C) resulted in a significant increased secretion of IL-4, IL-6, RANTES, IP-10, MIP-1β, VEGF, FGF, IL-1RA, IL-2R and G-CSF. Stimulation with PGN only resulted in significant increased production of IL-6, VEGF and IL-1RA. Although the expression of TLR4 and co-stimulatory molecules could be confirmed, primary nasal epithelial cells appeared to be unresponsive to stimulation with LPS. Furthermore, we observed huge individual differences in TLR agonist-induced mediator release, which did not correlate with the respective expression of TLRs.
conclusionOur data suggest that nasal epithelium seems to have developed a delicate system of discrimination and recognition of microbial patterns. Hypo-responsiveness to LPS could provide a mechanism to dampen the inflammatory response in the nasal mucosa in order to avoid a chronic inflammatory response. Individual, differential expression of TLRs on epithelial cells and functionality in terms of released mediators might be a crucial factor in explaining why some people develop allergies to common inhaled antigens, and others do not.
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