ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
Contributions of microbiome and mechanical deformation to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation in a human gut-on-a-chip.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 486 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
486 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 891 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Developments and Applicability of In Vitro Gut Microbiota Models in Biomedical Research and Digestive Diseases-A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Microphysiological models of human gastrointestinal diseases.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Harnessing microfluidics for microbiology: from bacteria-host interactions to emerging cancer therapies.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Gut-on-Chip Models for Host-Microbiome Studies: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Systems engineering of engineered live biotherapeutics: A discovery-to-translation framework for streamlining microbiome therapeutic development.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- A Modular Liver-Microbial Microfluidic Platform to Evaluate Therapeutic and Adverse Effects of Microbial Metabolites.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Nanofiber-Supported Decellularized Matrix Membrane Creates a Biomimetic Biochemical and Biophysical Niche for Intestinal Organoid Epithelium.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Engineering human Gut-on-a-Chip culturomics for predictive pharmacomicrobiomics of first-pass metabolism.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Protocol for establishing rectal tumor organoid-derived monolayers in a microphysiological system to model radiotherapy.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Review
- Murine and Humanized Mouse Models in Autoimmune Disease Research and Therapeutics Development.Biology · 2026Review
- Advanced fabrication protocol of an elastic porous membrane for organ-on-a-chip applications.SLAS technology · 2026Article
- Probiotic intervention mitigates radiation-induced intestinal injury by alleviating oxidative stress in a human gut-on-a-chip.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Peripheral nerve sheath tumors-on-a-chip: Next-generation platforms for mechanistic and therapeutic studies.Materials today. Advances · 2026Article
- Mechanostimulatory Cues Determine Intestinal Fibroblast Fate and Profibrotic Remodeling in a Physiodynamic Human Gut-on-a-Chip.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Culture-specific transcriptional drifts limit the fidelity of organoid infection models.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Live and heat-treatediScience · 2026Article
- An Immune Microenvironment-Integrated Intestinal-on-a-Chip Model for Investigating Immunopathogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A New 3D Colon on a Chip to Decipher the Influence of Mechanical Forces on the Physiological Cellular Ecosystem.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Engineering biomimetic tissue barrier models on chips: From design and fabrication to applications in disease modeling and drug screening.Biomaterials · 2026Review
426 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A human gut-on-a-chip microdevice was used to coculture multiple commensal microbes in contact with living human intestinal epithelial cells for more than a week in vitro and to analyze how gut microbiome, inflammatory cells, and peristalsis-associated mechanical deformations independently contribute to intestinal bacterial overgrowth and inflammation. This in vitro model replicated results from past animal and human studies, including demonstration that probiotic and antibiotic therapies can suppress villus injury induced by pathogenic bacteria. By ceasing peristalsis-like motions while maintaining luminal flow, lack of epithelial deformation was shown to trigger bacterial overgrowth similar to that observed in patients with ileus and inflammatory bowel disease. Analysis of intestinal inflammation on-chip revealed that immune cells and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin together stimulate epithelial cells to produce four proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) that are necessary and sufficient to induce villus injury and compromise intestinal barrier function. Thus, this human gut-on-a-chip can be used to analyze contributions of microbiome to intestinal pathophysiology and dissect disease mechanisms in a controlled manner that is not possible using existing in vitro systems or animal models.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.