ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Rod disc renewal occurs by evagination of the ciliary plasma membrane that makes cadherin-based contacts with the inner segment.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- The tetraspanin disc proteins, peripherin-2 and ROM1, facilitate CNG channel localization to the rod outer segment.Molecular biology of the cell · 2026Article
- Article
- The P23H Rhodopsin Mouse Model Reveals a Novel Interaction Between the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Connecting Cilium Rootlet Within Photoreceptors.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Cdhr1a and pcdh15b link photoreceptor outer segments with inner segment calyceal processes revealing a potential mechanism for cone-rod dystrophy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prominosomes - a particular class of extracellular vesicles containing prominin-1/CD133?Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Mechanism of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Tip Ingestion: Evidence of Trogocytosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- A new mouse model for PRPH2 pattern dystrophy exhibits functional compensation prior and subsequent to retinal degeneration.Human molecular genetics · 2024Article
- A distributed integral control mechanism for regulation of cholesterol concentration in the human retina.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Prominin 1 and Tweety Homology 1 both induce extracellular vesicle formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ciliary tip actin dynamics regulate photoreceptor outer segment integrity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Rescue of cone and rod photoreceptor function in a CDHR1-model of age-related retinal degeneration.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Association of Cadherin-Related Family Member 1 with Traumatic Brain Injury.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Automated quantification of photoreceptor outer segments in developing and degenerating retinas on microscopy images across scales.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Super-resolution mapping in rod photoreceptors identifies rhodopsin trafficking through the inner segment plasma membrane as an essential subcellular pathway.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Article
- FAM210A is essential for cold-induced mitochondrial remodeling in brown adipocytes.Nature communications · 2023Article
- ROM1 is redundant to PRPH2 as a molecular building block of photoreceptor disc rims.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The outer segments of vertebrate rod photoreceptors are renewed every 10 d. Outer segment components are transported from the site of synthesis in the inner segment through the connecting cilium, followed by assembly of the highly ordered discs. Two models of assembly of discrete discs involving either successive fusion events between intracellular rhodopsin-bearing vesicles or the evagination of the plasma membrane followed by fusion of adjacent evaginations have been proposed. Here we use immuno-electron microscopy and electron tomography to show that rhodopsin is transported from the inner to the outer segment via the ciliary plasma membrane, subsequently forming successive evaginations that "zipper" up proximally, but at their leading edges are free to make junctions containing the protocadherin, PCDH21, with the inner segment plasma membrane. Given the physical dimensions of the evaginations, coupled with likely instability of the membrane cortex at the distal end of the connecting cilium, we propose that the evagination occurs via a process akin to blebbing and is not driven by actin polymerization. Disassembly of these junctions is accompanied by fusion of the leading edges of successive evaginations to form discrete discs. This fusion is topologically different to that mediated by the membrane fusion proteins, SNAREs, as initial fusion is between exoplasmic leaflets, and is accompanied by gain of the tetraspanin rim protein, peripherin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.