ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2016
Clinical relevance of host immunity in breast cancer: from TILs to the clinic.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04150900 (1922GCCC), which is not on this map. Cited by 560 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
1922gccc: phase 2 study of pembrolizumab and bavituximab for progressive recurrent/metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Who cites it
560 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Exercise on Cytokine Profiles in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- Association of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with clinical outcomes in patients with triple-negative breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Pooled it
- Thematic trends and knowledge-map of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer: a scientometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation attenuates changes in the concentration, phenotype, and response of immune peripheral blood cells in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. Secondary findings from the DHA-WIN trial.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Trial
- Modulation of the response to immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Artificial intelligence-based tumour infiltrating lymphocyte quantification in patients with triple-negative breast cancer: an independent validation study.The Lancet. Oncology · 2026Article
- Protocol for high-throughput droplet-engineered TIL-retaining tumor organoids in triple-negative breast cancer.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Association between cumulative lifetime exposure to reproductive hormones and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, CD4 +, and CD8 + T cells among women with breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Exploring LTB-mediated T cell differentiation as a prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- From mutation to treatment: The dual role of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in gynecological malignancy development and management a systematic review.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- Analysis of computational tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer from the results of the TIGER challenge.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immune Phenotyping Using Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predicts Recurrence in Resected Melanoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Estimating tumour immune infiltration: methodological convergence across histology and spatial technologies.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy and Breast Reconstruction: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic deconvolution reveals prognostic immune signatures and immunotherapy-responsive subtypes in male breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Innovative immunotherapy approaches: harnessing synergy of dual checkpoint blockade in oncology.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Expression of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Reflects Immune Cells Infiltration and Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
500 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical relevance of the host immune system in breast cancer has long been unexplored. Studies developed over the past decade have highlighted the biological heterogeneity of breast cancer, prompting researchers to investigate whether the role of the immune system in this malignancy is similar across different molecular subtypes of the disease. The presence of high levels of lymphocytic infiltration has been consistently associated with a more-favourable prognosis in patients with early stage triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer. These infiltrates seem to reflect favourable host antitumour immune responses, suggesting that immune activation is important for improving survival outcomes. In this Review, we discuss the composition of the immune infiltrates observed in breast cancers, as well as data supporting the clinical relevance of host antitumour immunity, as represented by lymphocytic infiltration, and how this biomarker could be used in the clinical setting. We also discuss the rationale for enhancing immunity in breast cancer, including early data on the efficacy of T-cell checkpoint inhibition in this setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.