ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2016
Molecular specification of germ layers in vertebrate embryos.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- From genes to germ layers: virtual twins of gastruloids.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Review
- Dual SMAD inhibition as a versatile platform in human pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine and disease modeling.Molecules and cells · 2025Review
- scMultiNODE: Integrative and Scalable Framework for Multi-Modal Temporal Single-Cell Data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Advances in mechanochemical modelling of vertebrate gastrulation.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Article
- A Review on New Frontiers in Drug-Drug Interaction Predictions and Safety Evaluations with In Vitro Cellular Models.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Effects of embryonic origin, tissue cues and pathological signals on fibroblast diversity in humans.Nature cell biology · 2025Review
- Epigenetics in evolution and adaptation to environmental challenges: pathways for disease prevention and treatment.Epigenomics · 2025Review
- Mapping cells through time and space with moscot.Nature · 2025Article
- Neurogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans.Genetics · 2024Review
- Lightsheet microscopy integrates single-cell optical visco-elastography and fluorescence cytometry of 3D live tissues.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effects of Physical Cues on Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles toward Neuropathy Applications.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- iPSC-derived and Patient-Derived Organoids: Applications and challenges in scalability and reproducibility as pre-clinical models.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Article
- Constructing the pharyngula: Connecting the primary axial tissues of the head with the posterior axial tissues of the tail.Cells & development · 2023Review
- Gene expression analysis of the Tao kinase family of Ste20p-like map kinase kinase kinases during early embryonic development in Xenopus laevis.Gene expression patterns : GEP · 2023Article
- Intestinal stem cells and gut microbiota therapeutics: hype or hope?Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Nodal and <i>churchill1</i> position the expression of a notch ligand during <i>Xenopus</i> germ layer segregation.Life science alliance · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Controlling neural territory patterning from pluripotency using a systems developmental biology approach.iScience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In order to generate the tissues and organs of a multicellular organism, different cell types have to be generated during embryonic development. The first step in this process of cellular diversification is the formation of the three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system, epidermis and various neural crest-derived tissues, the endoderm goes on to form the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary systems as well as many endocrine glands, and the mesoderm will form the notochord, axial skeleton, cartilage, connective tissue, trunk muscles, kidneys and blood. Classic experiments in amphibian embryos revealed the tissue interactions involved in germ layer formation and provided the groundwork for the identification of secreted and intracellular factors involved in this process. We will begin this review by summarising the key findings of those studies. We will then evaluate them in the light of more recent genetic studies that helped clarify which of the previously identified factors are required for germ layer formation in vivo, and to what extent the mechanisms identified in amphibians are conserved across other vertebrate species. Collectively, these studies have started to reveal the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying vertebrate germ layer specification and we will conclude our review by providing examples how our understanding of this GRN can be employed to differentiate stem cells in a targeted fashion for therapeutic purposes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.