Trial reportMicrobiome2015
The administration of intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine induces changes in the nasal microbiota and nasal epithelium gene expression profiles.
Trial report in Microbiome, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02597647 (Bacterial Composition and Immune Responses in the Nose and Oropharynx During Influenza Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bacterial Composition and Immune Responses in the Nose and Oropharynx During Influenza Infection
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interactions between live attenuated influenza vaccine and nasopharyngeal microbiota among children aged 24-59 months in The Gambia: a phase 4, open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Trial
- Wood Smoke Exposure Alters Human Inflammatory Responses to Viral Infection in a Sex-Specific Manner. A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2019Trial
- Urobiome composition varies with vesicoureteral reflux grade and history of febrile urinary tract infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Influenza pneumonia mice under different immune conditions: changes in pulmonary microbiota and metabolites.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with gut microbial composition and diversity across many chronic disease states.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Respiratory immunization using antibiotic-inactivated Bordetella pertussis confers T cell-mediated protection against nasal infection in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Oral and gut microbiota relate to symptom subphenotypes in long COVID, independent of viral persistence.iScience · 2025Article
- Post-viral lung diseases: the microbiota as a key player.ERJ open research · 2025Review
- Diverging patterns in innate immunity against respiratory viruses during a lifetime: lessons from the young and the old.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Oral Cavity Microbiome Impact on Respiratory Infections Among Children.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2024Review
- Autoimmunity: A New Focus on Nasal Polyps.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Review on the Nasal Microbiome and Various Disease Conditions for Newer Approaches to Treatments.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
- Effects of respiratory virus vaccination and bovine respiratory disease on the respiratory microbiome of feedlot cattle.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Meta-omics profiling of the gut-lung axis illuminates metabolic networks and host-microbial interactions associated with elevated lung elastance in a murine model of obese allergic asthma.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Article
- Vaccination with an HIV T-cell immunogen induces alterations in the mouse gut microbiota.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Article
- Low Diversity and Instability of the Sinus Microbiota over Time in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Nasal symbiont Staphylococcus epidermidis restricts the cellular entry of influenza virus into the nasal epithelium.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Article
- Early-life viral infections are associated with disadvantageous immune and microbiota profiles and recurrent respiratory infections.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundViral infections such as influenza have been shown to predispose hosts to increased colonization of the respiratory tract by pathogenic bacteria and secondary bacterial pneumonia. To examine how viral infections and host antiviral immune responses alter the upper respiratory microbiota, we analyzed nasal bacterial composition by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing in healthy adults at baseline and at 1 to 2 weeks and 4 to 6 weeks following instillation of live attenuated influenza vaccine or intranasal sterile saline. A subset of these samples was submitted for microarray host gene expression profiling.
resultsWe found that live attenuated influenza vaccination led to significant changes in microbial community structure, diversity, and core taxonomic membership as well as increases in the relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Bacteroides genera (both p < 0.05). Hypergeometric testing for the enrichment of gene ontology terms in the vaccinated group reflected a robust up-regulation of type I and type II interferon-stimulated genes in the vaccinated group relative to controls. Translational murine studies showed that poly I:C administration did in fact permit greater nasal Staphylococcus aureus persistence, a response absent in interferon alpha/beta receptor deficient mice.
conclusionsCollectively, our findings demonstrate that although the human nasal bacterial community is heterogeneous and typically individually robust, activation of a type I interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response may foster the disproportionate emergence of potentially pathogenic species such as S. aureus.
trial registrationThis study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on 11/3/15, NCT02597647 .
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.