ArticleScientific reports2015
The TLR2 is activated by sporozoites and suppresses intrahepatic rodent malaria parasite development.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The case for exploring innate memory in Plasmodium infection.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Interaction ofiScience · 2026Article
- Structural Mechanism of Receptor-Triggered MyD88 Oligomeric Assembly in Innate Immune Signaling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multi-epitope Based Peptide Vaccine Candidate AgainstBioinformatics and biology insights · 2024Article
- Host Genetic Impact on Infectious Diseases among Different Ethnic Groups.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- An Update on Toll-like Receptor 2, Its Function and Dimerization in Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor 2-mediated downstream cytokine levels as determinant of malaria pathogenesis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Innate immunity to malaria: The good, the bad and the unknown.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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- Liver stage malaria infection is controlled by host regulators of lipid peroxidation.Cell death and differentiation · 2020Article
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- Recent clinical trends in Toll-like receptor targeting therapeutics.Medicinal research reviews · 2019Review
- The Toll-Like Receptor 2 agonist PEG-PamInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2018Article
- CD38 Deficiency Promotes Inflammatory Response through Activating Sirt1/NF-Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Humanized Mouse Models for the Study of Human Malaria Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis, and Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Innate Immune Recognition: Implications for the Interaction ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Signaling Strategies of Malaria Parasite for Its Survival, Proliferation, and Infection during Erythrocytic Stage.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- An expanding toolkit for preclinical pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine development: bridging traditional mouse malaria models and human trials.Future microbiology · 2016Review
- The rodent malaria liver stage survives in the rapamycin-induced autophagosome of infected Hepa1-6 cells.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- TLR2-Dependent Signaling for IL-15 Production Is Essential for the Homeostasis of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes.Mediators of inflammation · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
TLRs (Toll-like receptors) play an important role in the initiation of innate immune responses against invading microorganisms. Although several TLRs have been reported to be involved in the innate immune response against the blood-stage of malaria parasites, the role of TLRs in the development of the pre-erythrocytic stage is still largely unknown. Here, we found that sporozoite and its lysate could significantly activate the TLR2, and induce macrophages to release proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α, in a TLR2-dependent manner. Further studies showed that sporozoite and its lysate could be recognized by either TLR2 homodimers or TLR2/1 and TLR2/6 heterodimers, implicating the complexity of TLR2 agonist in sporozoite. Interestingly, the TLR2 signaling can significantly suppress the development of the pre-erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium yoelii, as both liver parasite load and subsequent parasitemia were significantly elevated in both TLR2- and MyD88-deficient mice. Additionally, the observed higher level of parasite burden in TLR2(-/-) mice was found to be closely associated with a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. Therefore, we provide the first evidence that sporozoites can activate the TLR2 signaling, which in turn significantly inhibits the intrahepatic parasites. This may provide us with novel clues to design preventive anti-malaria therapies.
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