ArticleBMJ open2015
Prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy in patients with or without metabolic syndrome: a population-based study in Shenyang.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and laboratory characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Relation of metabolic syndrome and its components with risk of diabetic retinopathy: A meta-analysis of observational studies.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- New Markers for the Assessment of Microvascular Complications in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Link Between Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Determination of osteopontin in monitoring retinal damage in metabolic syndrome.International journal of experimental pathology · 2024Article
- The prevention opportunities of retinopathy in diabetic patients - position paper endorsed by the Polish Lipid Association.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- Aldose reductase (-106) C/T gene polymorphism and associated risk factors with proliferative diabetic retinopathy in Palestine: A cross sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among female Chinese diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Emerging Roles of Dyslipidemia and Hyperglycemia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients: A community based cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2020Article
- Metabolic Syndrome Triggered by Fructose Diet Impairs Neuronal Function and Vascular Integrity in ApoE-KO Mouse Retinas: Implications of Autophagy Deficient Activation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetic retinopathy: Beyond hyperglycemia.World journal of diabetes · 2017Review
- Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Blood Pressure Changes During Cataract Surgery.Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and the prevalence of retinopathy.
designA cross-sectional study was carried out from August 2013 to September 2014 in Fengyutan Sub-District. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: A total of 1163 eligible participants attended. All the participants were subjected to stereo fundus photography to detect retinopathy. The discrepancy of prevalence of retinopathy in different participants was described.
resultsThe prevalence of retinopathy was 9.64% in patients with MS and 3.91% in patients without MS. A higher prevalence of retinopathy with proliferative diabetic retinopathy was found in patients with MS. In multiple logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for any retinopathy in patients with MS were longer diabetes duration (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.10, per year increase), higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.29, per 10 mm Hg increase), higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.35, per 10 mm Hg increase), higher fasting plasma glucose (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11, per 10 mg/dL increase), higher 2 h postprandial plasma glucose (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.21, per 10 mg/dL increase), and higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.34, per % increase). Similar independent risk factors, except for DBP, were found for any retinopathy in patients without MS.
conclusionsThe presence of MS components, hyperglycaemia (fasting glucose and HbA1c) and hypertension (SBP and DBP), are significantly associated with the prevalence of retinopathy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.