ArticlePharmaceutical research2016
Multi-functional Liposomes Enhancing Target and Antibacterial Immunity for Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liposomal antimicrobials in the fight against bacterial and fungal pathogens: Clinical successes and development challenges.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine applications for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Progress in Aptamer Research and Future Applications.ChemistryOpen · 2025Review
- Therapeutic effect of pH responsive Magainin II modified azithromycin plus curcumin micelles in different depth models of MRSA infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The modification of conventional liposomes for targeted antimicrobial delivery to treat infectious diseases.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Anti-biofilm, drug delivery and cytotoxicity properties of dendrimers.ADMET & DMPK · 2024Review
- Development of a Novel Lipid-Based Nanosystem Functionalized with WGA for Enhanced Intracellular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Delivering macrolide antibiotics to heal a broken heart - And other inflammatory conditions.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Nanomaterials targeting macrophages in sepsis: A promising approach for sepsis management.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Aptamer-Targeted Drug Delivery forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Lipoplexes to Deliver Oligonucleotides in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: Towards Treatment of Blood Infections.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Nanobiosystems for Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Infections.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities of Essential Oils of Discarded Perfume Lemon and Leaves (Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Article
- Nanotechnological strategies for systemic microbial infections treatment: A review.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Impact of nanosystems in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms treatment.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Lipid-Based Antimicrobial Delivery-Systems for the Treatment of Bacterial Infections.Frontiers in chemistry · 2019Review
- The biological evaluation of fusidic acid and its hydrogenation derivative as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents.Infection and drug resistance · 2018Article
- Wheat germ agglutinin-induced paraptosis-like cell death and protective autophagy is mediated by autophagy-linked FYVE inhibition.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Erythrocyte membrane-coated nanogel for combinatorial antivirulence and responsive antimicrobial delivery against Staphylococcus aureus infection.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2017Article
- Effects of nanobubble collapse on cell membrane integrity.Journal of micromechanics and molecular physics · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study was to prepare wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-modified liposomes encapsulating clarithromycin and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
methodsPhysicochemical parameters, minimum inhibitory concentrations, in vitro killing kinetic, cellular uptake, biofilm formation inhibition and pre-formed biofilm destruction, biodistribution, in vivo antibacterial efficacy against MRSA, and phagocytosis into macrophages for liposomes loading clarithromycin were determined.
resultsThe minimum inhibitory concentration and the time-kill curve for WGA-modified liposomal clarithromycin were better than those of free and nonmodified liposomal clarithromycin. Flow cytometry analysis displayed that liposomes could deliver more Coumarin 6, a fluorescent probe, into bacteria because of the conjugation of WGA. Besides, WGA-modified liposomal clarithromycin inhibited formation of S. aureus (ATCC 29213) and MRSA biofiom, and prompted the biofilm disassembly at lower concentrations below MIC. Effective accumulation of liposomes was displayed in the enterocoelia of the mice because of WGA. The number of MRSA colony-forming units in the kidney and spleen in mice treated with WGA-modified liposomal clarithromycin was significantly lower than that treated with free and nonmodified clarithromycin (p < 0.05). Intracellular localization of MRSA occurred in a significantly higher proportion of macrophage exposed to WGA-modified liposomes compared to those exposed to nonmodified liposomes.
conclusionsLiposome modified by WGA is a promising formulation for bacteria targeted delivery and immunity defensive system through macrophage improving uptake of bacteria, biodistribution, in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy against MRSA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.