ArticleBMC infectious diseases2015
Prevalence of 7 sexually transmitted organisms by multiplex real-time PCR in Fallopian tube specimens collected from Saudi women with and without ectopic pregnancy.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Relation of Chlamydia trachomatis infections to ectopic pregnancy: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Clinical Manifestations and Associated Disease States withOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Proinflammatory Cytokines in Women with PCOS in Atypical Pathogen Infections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a DNA-Based Lateral Flow Strip Membrane Assay for Rapid Screening and Genotyping of Six High-Incidence STD Pathogens.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Latest Advances in Laboratory Detection of Mycoplasma genitalium.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Article
- Weighing Potential Benefits and Harms of Mycoplasma genitalium Testing and Treatment Approaches.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Female Human Papillomavirus Infection Associated with Increased Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy: Early Evidence from Taiwan Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- New insights intoFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Predictive value of PAPP-A for ectopic pregnancy and analysis of related factors.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Nonviral sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy: current controversies and new challenges.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Prevalence and incidence ofSexually transmitted infections · 2020Article
- Association of sexually transmitted infections and human papillomavirus co-infection with abnormal cervical cytology among women in Saudi Arabia.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2020Article
- Biological feasibility and importance of a gonorrhea vaccine for global public health.Vaccine · 2019Review
- Design and Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Melting Curve Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Nine Sexually Transmitted Disease Pathogens in Genitourinary Secretions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEctopic pregnancy (EP) is associated with maternal morbidity and occasionally mortality during the first trimester. A history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pelvic inflammatory disease have been implicated as major risk factors for EP. Our aim was to measure the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Ureaplasma parvum/urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1&2 in Fallopian tubes collected from EP and the results were compared with those obtained from total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and tubal ligation.
methodsThis was a prospective case-control study and tubal samples were collected from 135 Saudi women recruited from 3 centres in the Western region as follow: 84 EPs, 20 TAH and 31 tubal ligations. Multiplex TaqMan PCR was performed using an IVD CE kit for the simultaneous detection of candidate pathogens following DNA extraction.
resultsInfections were detected in 31.8 % of the 135 participants either as single (11.1 %) or co-infections (20.7 %) and the frequencies were significantly higher in EP (42.85 %) compared with control (13.72 %). The rates of CT (27.4 %; P = 0.001); MG (20.2 %; P = 0.009) and HSV-1/2 (21.4 %; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in EP. No significant difference between the study groups was observed for the other pathogens (P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression also showed that infection with ≥ 2 pathogens (OR 4.9; 95 % CI: 2.2 - 11.6; P = 0.006), CT (OR 3.07; 95 % CI: 1.3 - 12.3; P = 0.002), MG (OR 2.3; 95 % CI: 1.1 - 8.6; P = 0.03) and HSV-1/2 (OR 1.7; 95 % CI: 0.75 - 5.7; P = 0.004) were associated with a significantly higher risk of developing EP.
conclusionsSTIs are frequent in the upper genital tract of Saudi women during the reproductive age and, CT, MG and HSV-1/2 were more prevalent in EP. The observed high rates of co-infection advocate the necessity of establishing national guidelines and/or screening program utilising multiplex PCR approach for the detection of common STIs among high risk groups in the kingdom. Further studies are needed to measure the adverse reproductive outcomes associated with STIs in Saudi Arabia.
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