ReviewBirth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews2015
Development of the infant intestinal microbiome: A bird's eye view of a complex process.
Review in Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short and Long Term Effect of Early Infant Feeding and Nutritional Status on the Children's Health
Oral Care: An Important Adjunctive Therapy to Improve Feeding Tolerance in Infants With Gastroschisis
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus and atopic dermatitis in offspring: A nationwide cohort study.JAAD international · 2026Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Increases the Risk of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A National Retrospective Study with Analysis by Treatment Modality.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Footprint of Microbiome in Pediatric Asthma-A Complex Puzzle for a Balanced Development.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Factors Affecting Gut Microbiota of Puppies from Birth to Weaning.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Intestinal Microbiota in Children with Anemia in Southern Peru through Next-Generation Sequencing Technology.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Infants' Microbiota and the Probability of Development of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2022Review
- Early Life Microbial Exposure and Immunity Training Effects on Asthma Development and Progression.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Alterations in the Gut Microbiome at 6 Months of Age in Obese Latino Infants.Journal of the American College of Nutrition · 2020Article
- The effect of breastfeeding on the risk of asthma in high-risk children: a case-control study in Shanghai, China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2018Article
- Sex-specific associations of infants' gut microbiome with arsenic exposure in a US population.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Social Influences on Prevotella and the Gut Microbiome of Young Monkeys.Psychosomatic medicine · 2017Article
- Synthesis of lacto-N-tetraose.Carbohydrate research · 2017Article
- Bacterial Colonization and Antibiotic Resistance in a Prospective Cohort of Newborn Infants During the First Year of Life.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene.Perspectives in public health · 2016Article
- First microbial encounters.Nature medicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infants undergo profound shifts in colonizing intestinal microorganisms during their first year, especially during and after birth and during weaning. Microbiota are passed to infants through the placenta, during the vaginal birth process, and from early diet and other environmental exposures. These microbiota play an active role in the development of healthy infant metabolic and immunologic systems; profound shifts in microbiotal populations can be persistent, are associated with immediate alterations in gene expression, metabolic, immunologic, and neurologic function, and with downstream metabolic and immunologic consequences such as obesity, allergies, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and potentially neurologic conditions. Many modern exposures, including Cesarean section, formula feeding, and antibiotics, have been associated with microbiome shifts, and also with downstream diseases; while many published studies considered exposures individually, a more comprehensive understanding of their interaction and impact will consider the entirety of the infant's environment. It is not possible, nor desirable, to return to a world without toilets, sewers, tap water, delivery room antisepsis, Cesarean sections, antibiotics, immunizations, and refrigerators; our other alternative is to better understand these complex changes in infant developmental and molecular physiology. Protecting and repairing the developmental processes of the healthy infant microbiome is the modern medical frontier.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.