ReviewCancer research2016
A New View of Ras Isoforms in Cancers.
Review in Cancer research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temperature and lipid composition differentially regulate KRAS assemblies on membranes.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Pioneer in Molecular Biology: Conformational Ensembles in Molecular Recognition, Allostery, and Cell Function.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Review
- Loss of Golga7 Suppresses Oncogenic Nras-Driven Leukemogenesis without Detectable Toxicity in Adult Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- KRAS Mutation Subtypes and Their Association with Other Driver Mutations in Oncogenic Pathways.Cells · 2024Review
- Discovery of common molecular signatures and drug repurposing for COVID-19/Asthma comorbidity: ACE2 and multi-partite networks.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2024Article
- Protein conformational ensembles in function: roles and mechanisms.RSC chemical biology · 2023Review
- New Approach for Studying of Isoforms and High-Homology Proteins in Mammalian Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- K-Ras4A Plays a More Significant Role than K-Ras4B in Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.Iranian biomedical journal · 2023Article
- Targeting K-Ras-mediated DNA damage response in radiation oncology: Current status, challenges and future perspectives.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2023Review
- Targeting alternative splicing in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- The Importance of MgChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2022Article
- Characterizing isoform switching events in esophageal adenocarcinoma.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
- Review
- Signaling in the crowded cell.Current opinion in structural biology · 2021Review
- Ras isoform-specific expression, chromatin accessibility, and signaling.Biophysical reviews · 2021Review
- Alternative splicing of mRNA in colorectal cancer: new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment.Cell death & disease · 2021Review
- K-RAS4A: Lead or Supporting Role in Cancer Biology?Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of NRAS mutant melanoma.Expert review of precision medicine and drug development · 2021Article
- Precise Characterization of KRAS4B Proteoforms by Combining Immunoprecipitation with Top-Down Mass Spectrometry.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021Article
- Splice variants of RAS-translational significance.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2020Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Does small GTPase K-Ras4A have a single state or two states, one resembling K-Ras4B and the other N-Ras? A recent study of K-Ras4A made the remarkable observation that even in the absence of the palmitoyl, K-Ras4A can be active at the plasma membrane. Importantly, this suggests that K-Ras4A may exist in two distinct signaling states. In state 1, K-Ras4A is only farnesylated, like K-Ras4B; in state 2, farnesylated and palmitoylated, like N-Ras. The K-Ras4A hypervariable region sequence is positively charged, in between K-Ras4B and N-Ras. Taken together, this raises the possibility that the farnesylated but nonpalmitoylated state 1, like K-Ras4B, binds calmodulin and is associated with colorectal and other adenocarcinomas like lung cancer and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. On the other hand, state 2 may be associated with melanoma and other cancers where N-Ras is a major contributor, such as acute myeloid leukemia. Importantly, H-Ras has two, singly and doubly, palmitoylated states that may also serve distinct functional roles. The multiple signaling states of palmitoylated Ras isoforms question the completeness of small GTPase Ras isoform statistics in different cancer types and call for reevaluation of concepts and protocols. They may also call for reconsideration of oncogenic Ras therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.