ArticlePloS one2015
A Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Linkage Region is a Novel Type of Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) Epitope Expressed on Aggrecan in Perineuronal Nets.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Keratan Sulfate: An Electroconductive Glycosaminoglycan at the Interface of Sensory Perception and Neural Signaling.Journal of neuroscience research · 2026Review
- Review
- Structure and Function of Ocular Proteoglycans: Essential Proteins for Vision.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Keratan Sulfate Is a Multifunctional Brain Glycosaminoglycan With Instructive Capabilities.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Postnatal expression of Cat-315-positive perineuronal nets in the SAMP10 mouse primary somatosensory cortex.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Mating Increases CHST10 Activity in Rat Oviductal Mucosa to Induce the Synthesis of HNK-1 Glycoproteins: Possible Role in Sperm-Oviduct Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Glycosaminoglycans, Instructive Biomolecules That Regulate Cellular Activity and Synaptic Neuronal Control of Specific Tissue Functional Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- UDP-glucuronic acid availability underlies sex difference in renal expression of nonsulfated Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) glycans.PloS one · 2025Article
- Keratan sulfate, an electrosensory neurosentient bioresponsive cell instructive glycosaminoglycan.Glycobiology · 2024Review
- Aberrant glycosylation in schizophrenia: insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Molecular and Cellular Insights: A Focus on Glycans and the HNK1 Epitope in Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Tissue-Specific Regulation of HNK-1 Biosynthesis by Bisecting GlcNAc.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Proteins Binding to the Carbohydrate HNK-1: Common Origins?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Neural glycomics: the sweet side of nervous system functions.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Chromoanasynthesis as a cause of Jacobsen syndrome.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2020Article
- The roles of perineuronal nets and the perinodal extracellular matrix in neuronal function.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2019Review
- Article
- Structural Variation of Chondroitin Sulfate Chains Contributes to the Molecular Heterogeneity of Perineuronal Nets.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate (HSO3-3GlcAβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R) is highly expressed in the brain and required for learning and neural plasticity. We previously demonstrated that expression of the HNK-1 epitope is mostly abolished in knockout mice for GlcAT-P (B3gat1), a major glucuronyltransferase required for HNK-1 biosynthesis, but remained in specific regions such as perineuronal nets (PNNs) in these mutant mice. Considering PNNs are mainly composed of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and regulate neural plasticity, GlcAT-P-independent expression of HNK-1 in PNNs is suggested to play a role in neural plasticity. However, the function, structure, carrier glycoprotein and biosynthetic pathway for GlcAT-P-irrelevant HNK-1 epitope remain unclear. In this study, we identified a unique HNK-1 structure on aggrecan in PNNs. To determine the biosynthetic pathway for the novel HNK-1, we generated knockout mice for GlcAT-S (B3gat2), the other glucuronyltransferase required for HNK-1 biosynthesis. However, GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S double-knockout mice did not exhibit reduced HNK-1 expression compared with single GlcAT-P-knockout mice, indicating an unusual biosynthetic pathway for the HNK-1 epitope in PNNs. Aggrecan was purified from cultured cells in which GlcAT-P and -S are not expressed and we determined the structure of the novel HNK-1 epitope using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) as a sulfated linkage region of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), HSO3-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-R. Taken together, we propose a hypothetical model where GlcAT-I, the sole glucuronyltransferase required for synthesis of the GAG linkage, is also responsible for biosynthesis of the novel HNK-1 on aggrecan. These results could lead to discovery of new roles of the HNK-1 epitope in neural plasticity.
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