ReviewNeuroImage2017
ENIGMA and the individual: Predicting factors that affect the brain in 35 countries worldwide.
Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph
Review in NeuroImage, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
11.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ancestral, Pregnancy, and Negative Early-Life Risks Shape Children's Brain (Dis)similarity to Schizophrenia.Biological psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of neuroimaging epigenetic research: calling for an increased focus on development.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Neuropsychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Cross disorder comparisons of brain structure in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A review of ENIGMA findings.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Association between CILP and IL-1α polymorphisms and phenotype-dependent intervertebral disc degeneration susceptibility: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Structural brain imaging studies offer clues about the effects of the shared genetic etiology among neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium.Biological psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Cortical Abnormalities Associated With Pediatric and Adult Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Findings From the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Neuroanatomical phenotypes in mental illness: identifying convergent and divergent cortical phenotypes across autism, ADHD and schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2018Pooled it
- Genetic influences on individual differences in longitudinal changes in global and subcortical brain volumes: Results of the ENIGMA plasticity working group.Human brain mapping · 2017Pooled it
- Distinct Subcortical Volume Alterations in Pediatric and Adult OCD: A Worldwide Meta- and Mega-Analysis.The American journal of psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Neural correlates of human fear conditioning and sources of variability in 2199 individuals.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Accelerating Heritability, Genetic Correlation, and Genome-Wide Association Imaging Genetic Analyses in Complex Pedigrees.Human brain mapping · 2024Article
- DeepResBat: deep residual batch harmonization accounting for covariate distribution differences.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2024Article
- Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Enhancing collaborative neuroimaging research: introducing COINSTAC Vaults for federated analysis and reproducibility.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2023Article
- A neurocognitive model of early onset persistent and desistant antisocial behavior in early adulthood.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Federated Analysis of Neuroimaging Data: A Review of the Field.Neuroinformatics · 2022Review
- Quantitative mapping of the brain's structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review.NeuroImage · 2022Review
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
72 authors at 20 institutions in 14 countries.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA; Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego 92093, CA, USA.
Ole A AndreassenNORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway; NORMENT-KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0315, Norway.
Alejandro Arias-VasquezDonders Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Departments of Psychiatry, Human Genetics & Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands.
Carrie E BeardenDepartment of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Dept. of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Premika S BoedhoeDepartment of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rachel M BrouwerBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Randy L BucknerDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.
Jan K BuitelaarDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Kazima B BulayevaN.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkin str. 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Dara M CannonNational Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda 20892, USA; Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics Centre (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Ronald A CohenInstitute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Patricia J ConrodDepartment of Psychological Medicine and Psychiatry, Section of Addiction, King's College London, University of London, UK.
Anders M DaleDepartments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0841, USA.
Ian J DearyCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
Emily L DennisImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA.
Marcel A de ReusBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Sylvane DesrivieresMRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Danai DimaInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King׳s College London, UK; Clinical Neuroscience Studies (CNS) Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
Gary DonohoeNeuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics center (NICOG), School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Simon E FisherLanguage and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Jean-Paul FoucheDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Clyde FrancksLanguage and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Sophia FrangouClinical Neuroscience Studies (CNS) Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
Barbara FrankeDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Habib GanjgahiDepartment of Statistics, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Hugh GaravanPsychiatry Department, University of Vermont, VT, USA.
David C GlahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, CT 06114, USA.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hospital, Stralsund 18435, Germany.
Tulio GuadalupeLanguage and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands; International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 XD, The Netherlands.
Boris A GutmanImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA.
Ryota HashimotoMolecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Japan.
Derrek P HibarImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA.
Dominic HollandDepartments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0841, USA.
Martine HoogmanDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Hilleke E Hulshoff PolBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Norbert HostenDepartment of Radiology University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA.
Sinead KellyImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA.
Peter KochunovDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
William S KremenDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Phil H LeeCenter for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, USA.
Scott MackeyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401, VT, USA.
Nicholas G MartinQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
Bernard MazoyerGroupe d'imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, UMR5296 CNRS CEA Université de Bordeaux, France.
Colm McDonaldNeuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics Centre (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
Sarah E MedlandQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia.
Rajendra A MoreyDuke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, NC 27710, USA.
Thomas E NicholsDepartment of Statistics & WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
Tomas PausRotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Child Mind Institute, NY, USA.
Zdenka PausovaThe Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Lianne SchmaalDepartment of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Gunter SchumannMRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
Li ShenCenter for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th Street, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 355 W. 16th Street, Suite 4100, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Sanjay M SisodiyaDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK.
Dirk J A SmitDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Jordan W SmollerPsychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; MRC Research Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, South Africa.
Jason L SteinImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA; Neurogenetics Program, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
Roberto ToroInstitut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
Jessica A TurnerDepartments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
Martijn P van den HeuvelBrain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Odile L van den HeuvelDepartment of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Theo G M van ErpDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
Daan van RooijDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Anatomy & Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU/VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Henrik WalterDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin 10117, Germany.
Yalin WangSchool of Computing, Informatics and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, AZ 85281, USA.
Joanna M WardlawBrain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Christopher D WhelanImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey 90292, USA.
Margaret J WrightQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Jieping YeDepartment of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
ENIGMA Consortium
University of Southern California · USRadboud University Nijmegen · NLAmsterdam Neuroscience · NLKing's College London · GBUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLUniversity of California San Diego · USBroad Institute · USEdinburgh College · GBIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USOllscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway · IEUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEUniversity of Cape Town · ZAUniversity of Vermont · USUniversity of Warwick · GBAmsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NLBaycrest Hospital · CABerlin Heart (Germany) · DECentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRChinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention · CN
Funding
Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9MThe VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and Aging (VETSA 4)R01AG050595 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ELMAN, JEREMY A, FRANZ, CAROL ELAINE · 2015 to 2024
$28.0MUniversity of Florida Older Americans Independence Center (OAIC)P30AG028740 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Peihua Qiu · 2007 to 2026
$22.8MThe VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of AgingR01AG022381 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2003 to 2019
$22.3MVirology CoreP01AA019072 · NIAAA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI WRAY, TYLER BLAKE · 2010 to 2024
$19.7MTraining U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1MThe VETSA Longitudinal Twin Study of Cognition and AgingR01AG018384 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY (CHARLES RIVER CAMPUS) · PI LYONS, MICHAEL J. · 2002 to 2012
$9.8MThe VETSA longitudinal twin study of cognition and agingR01AG018386 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI KREMEN, WILLIAM S. · 2002 to 2012
$9.7MENIGMA- Addiction: Pooling of Existing Datasets to Identify Brain and Genetic Correlates of Addiction, Next StepsR01DA047119 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HUGH P. GARAVAN · 2018 to 2026
$5.4MSOLAR-Eclipse Computational Tools for Imaging GeneticsR01EB015611 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2012 to 2024
$5.0MGrowth factors, neuroinflammation, exercise, and brain integrityRF1AG041915 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2014
$2.9MAlzheimer's disease risk analyzed using population imaging genomicsR01AG040060 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2011 to 2016
$2.5MBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F019394/1Medical Research Council G0701120Medical Research Council G0900908Medical Research Council G1001245Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1Medical Research Council MR/M013111/1NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIAAA NIH HHS P01 AA019072NIA NIH HHS P30 AG028740NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018384NIA NIH HHS R01 AG018386NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022381NIA NIH HHS R01 AG040060NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050595NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG041915NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA047119NIMH NIH HHS K24 MH094614NIMH NIH HHS K99 MH101367NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH101367NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH104284Wellcome Trust 100309
Abstract
In this review, we discuss recent work by the ENIGMA Consortium (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu) - a global alliance of over 500 scientists spread across 200 institutions in 35 countries collectively analyzing brain imaging, clinical, and genetic data. Initially formed to detect genetic influences on brain measures, ENIGMA has grown to over 30 working groups studying 12 major brain diseases by pooling and comparing brain data. In some of the largest neuroimaging studies to date - of schizophrenia and major depression - ENIGMA has found replicable disease effects on the brain that are consistent worldwide, as well as factors that modulate disease effects. In partnership with other consortia including ADNI, CHARGE, IMAGEN and others
Indexed as
Brain DiseasesGenome-Wide Association StudyMental DisordersMulticenter Studies as TopicHumans
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.