ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Schistosomes Enhance Plasminogen Activation: The Role of Tegumental Enolase.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fibrinolysis-unrelated functions of the plasminogen/plasmin system: A gateway to successful parasitism?Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Oleum cinnamomi disruptsFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Moonlighting on the Fasciola hepatica tegument: Enolase, a glycolytic enzyme, interacts with the extracellular matrix and fibrinolytic system of the host.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The riboflavin (vitamin B2) transporter protein (SmaRT) of the human intravascular parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni.Heliyon · 2024Article
- GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES AS VACCINES AGAINST SCHISTOSOMIASIS: TESTING SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE IN MICE.The Journal of parasitology · 2024Article
- Therapeutic and vaccinomic potential of moonlighting proteins for the discovery and design of drugs and vaccines against schistosomiasis.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- Hidden in plain sight: How helminths manage to thrive in host blood.Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Review
- Beyond cuts and scrapes: plasmin in malaria and other vector-borne diseases.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
- Schistosomes Impede ATP-Induced T Cell Apoptosis In Vitro: The Role of Ectoenzyme SmNPP5.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- DnaK Functions as a Moonlighting Protein on the Surface ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory and biological properties of helminth-derived small molecules: Potential applications in diagnostics and therapeutics.Frontiers in parasitology · 2022Review
- Schistosoma mansoni phosphoglycerate mutase: a glycolytic ectoenzyme with thrombolytic potential.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2022Article
- Article
- Schistosome immunomodulators.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Assessment of reference genes at six different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni for quantitative RT-PCR.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) moonlights as an adhesin in Mycoplasma hyorhinis adhesion to epithelial cells as well as a plasminogen receptor mediating extracellular matrix degradation.Veterinary research · 2021Article
- Identification of an enolase gene and its physiological role in Spirometra mansoni.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Multifunctional Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase as a Therapeutic Target.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Review
- Human serum activates the tegument of female schistosomes and supports recovery from Praziquantel.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- Effects of diclazuril on the expression of enolase in second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella.Poultry science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is a blood fluke parasite that causes schistosomiasis, a debilitating disease of global public health importance. These relatively large parasites are able to survive prolonged periods in the human vasculature without inducing stable blood clots around them. We show here that the intravascular life stages (schistosomula and adult males and females) can all promote significant plasminogen (PLMG) activation in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). This results in the generation of the potent fibrinolytic agent plasmin which could degrade blood clots forming around the worms in vivo. We demonstrate that S. mansoni enolase (SmEno) is a host-interactive tegumental enzyme that, in recombinant form, can bind PLMG and promote its activation. Like classical members of the enolase protein family, SmEno can catalyze the interconversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate (2-PGA) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). The enzyme has maximal activity at pH 7.5, requires Mg2+ for optimal activity and can be inhibited by NaF but not mefloquin. Suppressing expression of the SmEno gene significantly diminishes enolase mRNA levels, protein levels and surface enzyme activity but, surprisingly, does not affect the ability of the worms to promote PLMG activation. Thus, while SmEno can enhance PLMG activation, our analysis suggests that it is not the only contributor to the parasite's ability to perform this function. We show that the worms possess several other PLMG-binding proteins in addition to SmEno and these may have a greater importance in schistosome-driven PLMG activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.