ArticleScientific reports2015
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the Warburg effect in mouse lungs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbohydrates Metabolic Signatures in Immune Cells: Response to Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Monocyte metabolic transcriptional programs associate with resistance to tuberculin skin test/interferon-γ release assay conversion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Article
- Host-derived stimuli alter intracellular calcium levels inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-mediated glycolysis enhancement promotes apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages infected with BCG under high glucose conditions.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- MHC-I Upregulation and Increased Glucose Dependence Define Innate Antifungal Immune Responses to Cryptococcus neoformans.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Circulating metabolites associated with protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and inhibition of mycobacterial growth.Communications biology · 2026Article
- High-throughput characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene function across diverse conditions.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide transcriptional landscape ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Macrophage states and polarization duringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Glycolytic reprogramming and immune responses in macrophages: a crosstalk driven by bacterial infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages during mycobacterial infection: a review of immunometabolic crosstalk and pathogen manipulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Restriction of mitochondrial oxidation of glutamine or fatty acids enhances intracellular growth ofVirulence · 2025Article
- Bioenergetic reprogramming of macrophages reduces drug tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Host-directed therapeutic targets in macrophages and their ligands against mycobacteria tuberculosis.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Nutritional Deficiencies and Management in Tuberculosis: Pharmacotherapeutic and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Genetically Diverse Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates Manipulate Inflammasome and Interleukin 1β Secretion Independently of Macrophage Metabolic Rewiring.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impaired fatty acid import or catabolism in macrophages restricts intracellular growth ofeLife · 2025Article
- [Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Pathogen-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Suppression].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Review
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To elucidate the little-known bioenergetic pathways of host immune cells in tuberculosis, a granulomatous disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we characterized infected murine lung tissue by transcriptomic profiling and confocal imaging. Transcriptomic analysis revealed changes of host energy metabolism during the course of infection that are characterized by upregulation of key glycolytic enzymes and transporters for glucose uptake, and downregulation of enzymes participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Consistent with elevated glycolysis, we also observed upregulation of a transporter for lactate secretion and a V type H(+) -ATPase involved in cytosolic pH homeostasis. Transcription profiling results were corroborated by immunofluorescence microscopy showing increased expression of key glycolytic enzymes in macrophages and T cells in granulomatous lesions. Moreover, we found increased mRNA and protein levels in macrophages and T cells of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), the regulatory subunit of HIF-1, a master transcriptional regulator. Thus, our findings suggest that immune cells predominantly utilize aerobic glycolysis in response to M. tuberculosis infection. This bioenergetic shift is similar to the Warburg effect, the metabolic signature of cancer cells. Finding immunometabolic changes during M. tuberculosis infection opens the way to new strategies for immunotherapy against tuberculosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.