ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
Effects of Insulin and High Glucose on Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes mellitus is associated with dry eye syndrome: a meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2019Pooled it
- Intermittent fasting ameliorates diabetes-induced meibomian gland dysfunction in mice.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- One-year outcome of intense pulsed light therapy for refractory meibomian gland dysfunction in patients continuously exposed to topical glaucoma medications: a comparative study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Ocular surface changes and corneal epithelial remodeling after cataract surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes: a case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Association of peripheral neuropathy with dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with type 1 diabetes.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Effect of Metformin on Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells: Implications in Aging and Diabetic Dry Eye Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unique composition of ocular surface microbiome in the old patients with dry eye and diabetes mellitus in a community from Shanghai, China.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Meibomian gland dropout of upper eyelids as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a pilot study.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2024Article
- Trace Amine-Associated Receptors and Monoamine-Mediated Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islets.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Identifying Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Biomarkers in a Cohort of Patients Affected by DM Type II.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evaluation of meibomian gland dysfunction in type 2 diabetes with dry eye disease: a non-randomized controlled trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Insulin and the sebaceous gland function.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Ocular surface alterations and changes of meibomian glands with meibography in type 1 diabetic children.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Hyperglycemia Induces Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Androgen and meibomian gland dysfunction: from basic molecular biology to clinical applications.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Correlation of the retinopathy degree with the change of ocular surface and corneal nerve in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Organotypic Culture of Mouse Meibomian Gland: A Novel Model to Study Meibomian Gland Dysfunction In Vitro.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Eye care providers' emerging roles in early detection of diabetes and management of diabetic changes to the ocular surface: a review.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Review
- Corneal alteration and pathogenesis in diabetes mellitus.International journal of ophthalmology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeType 2 diabetes is a risk factor for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). We hypothesize that this diabetic impact is due, at least in part, to the effects of insulin resistance/deficiency and hyperglycemia on human meibomian gland epithelial cells (HMGECs). To begin to test this hypothesis, we examined whether insulin and high glucose influence immortalized (I) HMGECs.
methodsImmortalized HMGECs were cultured in serum-containing or -free media and treated with insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (R) blocking antibody, and glucose or mannitol for varying time periods. Specific proteins were detected by Western blots, cell proliferation was evaluated by manual cell counting and lipids were assessed with LipidTOX and high performance thin layer chromatography.
resultsWe found that insulin induces a dose-dependent increase in phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt (AKT) signaling in IHMGECs. This effect involves the IGF-1R, but not the insulin receptor (IR), and is associated with a stimulation of cell proliferation and neutral lipid accumulation. In contrast, high glucose exposure alters cell morphology, causes a progressive cell loss, and significantly reduces the levels of IGF-1R, phospho (p)-AKT, Foxhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1) in IHMGECs.
conclusionsOur data show that insulin stimulates, and that high glucose is toxic for, IHMGECs. These results support our hypothesis that insulin resistance/deficiency and hyperglycemia are deleterious for HMGECs and may help explain why type II diabetes is a risk factor for MGD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.