ArticlePloS one2015
Role of Lactobacillus Species in the Intermediate Vaginal Flora in Early Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02979288 (Treatment of the Intermediate Vaginal Microbiota With Vaginal Probiotics Containing Lactobacillus Casei Rhamnosus), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment of the Intermediate Vaginal Microbiota With Vaginal Probiotics Containing Lactobacillus Casei Rhamnosus (Lcr Regenerans) to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of vaginal probiotics containing Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus (Lcr regenerans) on vaginal dysbiotic microbiota and pregnancy outcome, prospective, randomized study.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Underexplored maternal microbiomes: immune, metabolic, and microbial pathways shaping pregnancy outcomes.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Robust phylogenetic tree-based microbiome association test using repeatedly measured data for composition bias.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Characterization of Vaginal Microbial Colonization in Cervical Insufficiency Patients and Its Relation to Preterm Birth: An Observational Cohort Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2025Observational
- Probiotics in the Prophylaxis of Premature Rupture of Membranes and Cervical Incompetence.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Therapeutic intervention based on gene sequencing analysis of microbial 16S ribosomal RNA of the intrauterine microbiome improves pregnancy outcomes in IVF patients: a prospective cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Screening for Vaginal and Endocervical Infections in the First Trimester of Pregnancy? A Study That Ignites an Old Debate.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- HIV infection as a risk factor for vaginal dysbiosis, bacterial vaginosis, and candidosis in pregnancy: A matched case-control study.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2021Article
- Novel Potential Probiotic Lactobacilli for Prevention and Treatment of Vulvovaginal Infections.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2021Article
- Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Alteration of vaginal microbiota in patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2019Article
- Sex-specific impact of asthma during pregnancy on infant gut microbiota.The European respiratory journal · 2017Article
- Influence of Orally Administered ProbioticBreast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Vaginal Microbiome and Its Relationship to Behavior, Sexual Health, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2017Review
- Preconception Prebiotic and Sitagliptin Treatment in Obese Rats Affects Pregnancy Outcomes and Offspring Microbiota, Adiposity, and Glycemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPoor obstetrical outcomes are associated with imbalances in the vaginal flora. The present study evaluated the role of vaginal Lactobacillus species in women with intermediate vaginal flora with regard to obstetrical outcomes.
methodsWe retrospectively analysed data from all women with singleton pregnancies who had undergone routine screening for asymptomatic vaginal infections at our tertiary referral centre between 2005 and 2014. Vaginal smears were Gram-stained and classified according to the Nugent scoring system as normal flora (score 0-3), intermediate vaginal flora (4-6), or bacterial vaginosis (7-10). Only women with intermediate vaginal flora were investigated. Women with a Nugent score of 4 were categorised into those with and without Lactobacilli. Follow-up smears were obtained 4-6 weeks after the initial smears. Descriptive data analysis, the Welch's t-test, the Fisher's exact test, and multiple regression analysis with adjustment for confounders were performed. Gestational age at delivery and birth weight were the outcome measures.
resultsAt antenatal screening, 529/8421 women presented with intermediate vaginal flora. Amongst these, 349/529 (66%) had a Nugent score of 4, 94/529 (17.8%) a Nugent score of 5, and 86/529 (16.2%) a Nugent score of 6. Amongst those with a Nugent score of 4, 232/349 (66.5%) women were in the Lactobacilli group and 117/349 (33.5%) in the Non-Lactobacilli group. The preterm delivery rate was significantly lower in the Lactobacilli than in the Non-Lactobacilli group (OR 0.34, CI 0.21-0.55; p<0.001). Mean birth weight was 2979 ± 842 g and 2388 ± 1155 g in the study groups, respectively (MD 564.12, CI 346.23-781.92; p<0.001). On follow-up smears, bacterial vaginosis rates were 9% in the Lactobacilli and 7.8% in the Non-Lactobacilli group.
conclusionsThe absence of vaginal Lactobacillus species and any bacterial colonisation increases the risks of preterm delivery and low birth weight in women with intermediate vaginal flora in early pregnancy.
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