ArticleScientific reports2015
Electroporation on microchips: the harmful effects of pH changes and scaling down.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomaterial-Integrated Electroporation for Therapeutic Delivery: From Gene Editing to Tumor Ablation and Immune Modulation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Noninvasive Monitoring of Skin pH Changes Induced by Microneedle Electroporation.Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical · 2026Article
- Pulsed Electric Fields for Emerging Single-Cell Bioprocessing in Food Applications: Electropermeabilization Mechanisms and Design Principles.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Miniaturized scalable arrayed CRISPR screening in primary cells enables discovery at the single donor resolution.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bacteriorhodopsin-Based pH Sensor for Cell Culture Condition Regulation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficient electroporation in primary cells with PEDOT:PSS electrodes.Science advances · 2024Article
- The Effects of Bipolar Cancellation Phenomenon on Nano-Electrochemotherapy of Melanoma Tumors: In Vitro and In Vivo Pilot.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Microphysiological system with integrated sensors to study the effect of pulsed electric field.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Glassy carbon electrodes modified with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets and CoNiOMikrochimica acta · 2024Article
- An efficient low cost means of biophysical gene transfection in primary cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Electro-antibacterial therapy (EAT) to enhance intracellular bacteria clearance in pancreatic cancer cells.Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Effects of bipolar irreversible electroporation with different pulse durations in a prostate cancer mouse model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Microscale Electroporation.Chemical reviews · 2022Review
- Remodeling Effects of the Combination of GGT Scaffolds, Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation, and Acupuncture on Large Bone Defects in Rats.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- The impact of impaired DNA mobility on gene electrotransfer efficiency: analysis in 3D model.Biomedical engineering online · 2021Article
- Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Intracellular Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2021Review
- High Throughput and Highly Controllable Methods for In Vitro Intracellular Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2020Review
- A flow through device for simultaneous dielectrophoretic cell trapping and AC electroporation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- A miniaturized solid salt reverse electrodialysis battery: a durable and fully ionic power source.Chemical science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electroporation has been widely used in delivering foreign biomolecules into cells, but there is still much room for improvement, such as cell viability and integrity. In this manuscript, we investigate the distribution and the toxicity of pH changes during electroporation, which significantly decreases cell viability. A localized pH gradient forms between anode and cathode leading to a localized distribution of cell death near the electrodes, especially cathodes. The toxicity of hydroxyl ions is severe and acute due to their effect in the decomposition of phospholipid bilayer membrane. On the other hand, the electric field used for electroporation aggravates the toxicity of hydroxyl because the electropermeabilization of cell membrane makes bilayer structure more loosen and vulnerable. We also investigate the side effects during scaling down the size of electrodes in electroporation microchips. Higher percentage of cells is damaged when the size of electrodes is smaller. At last, we propose an effective strategy to constrain the change of pH by modifying the composition of electroporation buffer. The modified buffer decreases the changes of pH, thus enables high cell viability even when the electric pulse duration exceeds several milliseconds. This ability has potential advantage in some applications that require long-time electric pulse stimulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.