ArticleNeuro-oncology2016
MiR-138 exerts anti-glioma efficacy by targeting immune checkpoints.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Neuro-oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- Targeting Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer Therapy and the Potential of RNAi-Based Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Roles and potential applications of non-coding RNAs in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and immunomodulatory therapies.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Application of the miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in periodontal inflammation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Non-coding RNAs related to PD1/PD-L1 signaling with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value in the tumorigenesis of brain cancers.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond Structure: The Dynamic Role of the Extracellular Matrix Components in Immune Evasion.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- MicroRNA-mediated regulation of natural killer cells development, effector functions, and antitumor responses.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Targeting Survivin: Now I Become Death, the Destroyer of Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Epi-Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Future Directions.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
- Review
- Role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme with an emphasis on immunotherapy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- MicroRNAs in the abscopal effect: bridging radiotherapy and systemic anti-tumor immunity for enhanced cancer therapy.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Review
- The role and targeting strategies of non-coding RNAs in immunotherapy resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- ImmiR: A database of microRNAs associated with immune checkpoints and infiltrates.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Overcoming immune evasion with innovative multi-target approaches for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoints and ncRNAs: pioneering immunotherapy approaches for hematological malignancies.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- An overview on the interaction between non-coding RNAs and CTLA-4 gene in human diseases.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Mechanism research of non-coding RNA in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy.Cancer science · 2024Review
- Immune modulatory microRNAs in tumors, their clinical relevance in diagnosis and therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Jun WeiDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Edjah K NduomDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Ling-Yuan KongDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Yuuri HashimotoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Shuo XuDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Konrad GabrusiewiczDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Xiaoyang LingDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Neal HuangDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Wei QiaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Shouhao ZhouDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Cristina IvanDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Greg N FullerDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Mark R GilbertDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Willem OverwijkDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
George A CalinDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
Amy B HeimbergerDepartment of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (J.W., E.K.N., L.-Y.K., Y.H., S.X., K.G., X.L., N.H., A.B.H.); Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.Q., S.Z.); Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.I.); Departments of Neuropathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.N.F.); Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (M.R.G.); Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.O.); Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (G.A.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China (S.X.).
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center · USQilu Hospital of Shandong University · CN
Funding
Tumor Evolution and Metastasis ProgramP30CA016672 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Scott Kopetz · 1985 to 2026
$290.8MTropism Enhanced Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Treatment of Brain TumorsP50CA127001 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Juan Fueyo · 2008 to 2026
$41.2MUT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center SPORE in MelanomaP50CA093459 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI GRIMM, ELIZABETH A · 2004 to 2014
$23.7MModulation of Microglia and T Cell Interactions in Malignant GliomaR01CA120813 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI HEIMBERGER, AMY BETH, RAO, GANESH · 2007 to 2025
$4.7MNCI NIH HHS P30 CA016672NCI NIH HHS P50 CA093459NCI NIH HHS P50 CA127001NCI NIH HHS R01 CA120813
Abstract
backgroundAntibody therapeutic targeting of the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) has demonstrated marked tumor regression in clinical trials. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can modulate multiple gene transcripts including possibly more than one immune checkpoint and could be exploited as immune therapeutics.
methodsUsing online miRNA targeting prediction algorithms, we searched for miRNAs that were predicted to target both PD-1 and CTLA-4. MiR-138 emerged as a leading candidate. The effects of miR-138 on CTLA-4 and PD-1 expression and function in T cells were determined and the therapeutic effect of intravenous administration of miR-138 was investigated in both immune-competent and -incompetent murine models of GL261 glioma.
resultsTarget binding algorithms predicted that miR-138 could bind the 3' untranslated regions of CTLA-4 and PD-1, which was confirmed with luciferase expression assays. Transfection of human CD4+ T cells with miR-138 suppressed expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, and Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) in transfected human CD4+ T cells. In vivo miR-138 treatment of GL261 gliomas in immune-competent mice demonstrated marked tumor regression, a 43% increase in median survival time (P = .011), and an associated decrease in intratumoral FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, CTLA-4, and PD-1 expression. This treatment effect was lost in nude immune-incompetent mice and with depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and miR-138 had no suppressive effect on glioma cells when treated directly at physiological in vivo doses.
conclusionsMiR-138 exerts anti-glioma efficacy by targeting immune checkpoints which may have rapid translational potential as a novel immunotherapeutic agent.
Indexed as
AlgorithmsAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBrain NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorCTLA-4 AntigenDisease Models, AnimalFlow CytometryGliomaHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, NudeMicroRNAsPolymerase Chain ReactionProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorAntineoplastic AgentsCTLA-4 AntigenMicroRNAsMIRN138 microRNA, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorCTLA-4glioblastomamicroRNAsmiR-138PD-1
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.