ArticleNature nanotechnology2016
Reaching the quantum limit of sensitivity in electron spin resonance.
Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Sensing Spin Precession with Free Electrons.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Bimodal Q-band probehead with improved signal-to-noise ratio in pulse electron paramagnetic resonance.Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany) · 2026Article
- Strong coupling of a superconducting flux qubit to single bismuth donors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Spin environment of a superconducting qubit in high magnetic fields.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A spin-refrigerated cavity quantum electrodynamic sensor.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Element-specific X-Ray detection of electron paramagnetic resonance in thin films of quantum bits.Nature communications · 2024Article
- X-Band Single Chip Integrated Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance Microsystem.Analytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Terahertz magnetic response of plasmonic metasurface resonators: origin and orientation dependence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Strong microwave squeezing above 1 Tesla and 1 Kelvin.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Latched detection of zeptojoule spin echoes with a kinetic inductance parametric oscillator.Science advances · 2024Article
- Strong Photon-Magnon Coupling Using a Lithographically Defined Organic Ferrimagnet.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
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- In situ amplification of spin echoes within a kinetic inductance parametric amplifier.Science advances · 2023Article
- Recent advances in microresonators and supporting instrumentation for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.The Review of scientific instruments · 2022Article
- Orienting dilute thin films of non-planar spin-1/2 vanadyl-phthalocyanine complexes.Materials advances · 2022Article
- Twenty-three-millisecond electron spin coherence of erbium ions in a natural-abundance crystal.Science advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The detection and characterization of paramagnetic species by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is widely used throughout chemistry, biology and materials science, from in vivo imaging to distance measurements in spin-labelled proteins. ESR relies on the inductive detection of microwave signals emitted by the spins into a coupled microwave resonator during their Larmor precession. However, such signals can be very small, prohibiting the application of ESR at the nanoscale (for example, at the single-cell level or on individual nanoparticles). Here, using a Josephson parametric microwave amplifier combined with high-quality-factor superconducting microresonators cooled at millikelvin temperatures, we improve the state-of-the-art sensitivity of inductive ESR detection by nearly four orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the detection of 1,700 bismuth donor spins in silicon within a single Hahn echo with unit signal-to-noise ratio, reduced to 150 spins by averaging a single Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence. This unprecedented sensitivity reaches the limit set by quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field instead of thermal or technical noise, which constitutes a novel regime for magnetic resonance. The detection volume of our resonator is ∼ 0.02 nl, and our approach can be readily scaled down further to improve sensitivity, providing a new versatile toolbox for ESR at the nanoscale.
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