ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2016
Choline Kinase Alpha as an Androgen Receptor Chaperone and Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Target.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylethanolamine and Phosphatidylcholine via the Kennedy Pathway in Cancer and Other Pathological Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multiparametric PET/CT Tensor Radiomics for Stability-Aware Machine Learning in Lung Cancer Survival Prediction.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Choline kinase α interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and contributes to glioma tumorigenesis.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Analysis of the transcriptomic and metabolomic landscape of prostate cancer with different anatomical origins using snFLARE-seq and mxFRIZNGRND.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Approaches to Engage the Androgen Receptor for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Serum metabolomics reveals distinctive signature of cancer staging in oral squamous cell carcinoma.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Metabolic Stress-Induced Choline Kinase α (CHKA) Activation in Endothelial Subpopulation Contributes to Diabetes-Associated Microvascular Dysfunction.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Taxane/anthracycline combinations reduced incidence of breast cancer recurrence in young women across molecular subtypes: a real-world evidence of Taiwan from 2011 to 2019.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Advancements in molecular imaging probes for precision diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Review
- Long noncoding RNA MALAT-1: A versatile regulator in cancer progression, metastasis, immunity, and therapeutic resistance.Non-coding RNA research · 2024Review
- N-terminal domain of androgen receptor is a major therapeutic barrier and potential pharmacological target for treating castration resistant prostate cancer: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Metabolomic profiles of intact tissues reflect clinically relevant prostate cancer subtypes.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Emerging Hallmarks of Metabolic Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ultrastructural analysis of prostate cancer tissue provides insights into androgen-dependent adaptations to membrane contact site establishment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Neurogenesis manifestations of solid tumor and tracer imaging studies: a narrative review.American journal of cancer research · 2023Review
- VEGF Overexpression Significantly Increases Nanoparticle-Mediated siRNA Delivery and Target-Gene Downregulation.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- MALAT1 as a Regulator of the Androgen-Dependent Choline Kinase A Gene in the Metabolic Rewiring of Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2022Article
- Review
- Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
40 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Mohammad AsimAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Charles E MassieAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Folake OrafidiyaAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Nelma Pértega-GomesAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Anne Y WarrenAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Mohsen EsmaeiliAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Luke A SelthAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Heather I ZecchiniAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Katarina LukoAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Arham QureshiAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Ajoeb BaridiAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Suraj MenonAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Basetti MadhuAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Carlos EscriuAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Scott LyonsAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Sarah L VowlerAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Vincent R ZecchiniAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Greg ShawAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Wiebke HessenkemperAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Roslin RussellAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Hisham MohammedAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Niki StefanosAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Andy G LynchAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Elena GrigorenkoAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Clive D'SantosAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Chris TaylorAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Alastair LambAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Rouchelle SriranjanAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Jiali YangAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Rory StarkAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Scott M DehmAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Paul S RennieAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Jason S CarrollAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
John R GriffithsAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Simon TavaréAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Ian G MillsAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Iain J McEwanAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Aria BaniahmadAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Wayne D TilleyAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
David E NealAffiliations of authors:Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK (MA, CEM, NP, HIZ, AQ, AB, SM, BM, CE, SL, SW, VRZ, GS, RR, HM, AGL, CD, CT, AL, RS, JY, RS, JSC, JRG, ST, DEN); School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen, UK (FO, IJM); Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (AYW, NS); Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany (ME, KL, WH, AB); Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide , Australia (LAS, WDT); Diatherix , Huntsville, AL (EG); Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN (SMD); The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC , Canada (PSR); Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute of Cancer Research and Department of Urology, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway (IGM); Prostate Cancer UK/Movember Centre of Excellence, Queens University , Belfast , UK (IGM); Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge, UK (MA, DEN).
Cancer Research UK · GB
Funding
Single-Cell Biology Shared ResourceP30CA045508 · NCI · COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY · PI John Edward Moses · 1987 to 2026
$118.9MUniversity of Minnesota Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UMN CTSI)UL1TR000114 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI BLAZAR, BRUCE R · 2012 to 2015
$35.0MAR Gene Rearrangements and AR Signaling in Prostate CancerR01CA174777 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI Scott M. Dehm · 2013 to 2026
$4.9MCancer Research UK 11562Cancer Research UK 20406Cancer Research UK 20411NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000114NCI NIH HHS P30 CA045508NCI NIH HHS R01 CA174777Prostate Cancer UK S10-10
Abstract
backgroundThe androgen receptor (AR) is a major drug target in prostate cancer (PCa). We profiled the AR-regulated kinome to identify clinically relevant and druggable effectors of AR signaling.
methodsUsing genome-wide approaches, we interrogated all AR regulated kinases. Among these, choline kinase alpha (CHKA) expression was evaluated in benign (n = 195), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) (n = 153) and prostate cancer (PCa) lesions (n = 359). We interrogated how CHKA regulates AR signaling using biochemical assays and investigated androgen regulation of CHKA expression in men with PCa, both untreated (n = 20) and treated with an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor degarelix (n = 27). We studied the effect of CHKA inhibition on the PCa transcriptome using RNA sequencing and tested the effect of CHKA inhibition on cell growth, clonogenic survival and invasion. Tumor xenografts (n = 6 per group) were generated in mice using genetically engineered prostate cancer cells with inducible CHKA knockdown. Data were analyzed with χ(2) tests, Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods. All statistical tests were two-sided.
resultsCHKA expression was shown to be androgen regulated in cell lines, xenografts, and human tissue (log fold change from 6.75 to 6.59, P = .002) and was positively associated with tumor stage. CHKA binds directly to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR, enhancing its stability. As such, CHKA is the first kinase identified as an AR chaperone. Inhibition of CHKA repressed the AR transcriptional program including pathways enriched for regulation of protein folding, decreased AR protein levels, and inhibited the growth of PCa cell lines, human PCa explants, and tumor xenografts.
conclusionsCHKA can act as an AR chaperone, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for kinases as molecular chaperones, making CHKA both a marker of tumor progression and a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
Indexed as
Molecular ChaperonesProstatectomySignal TransductionAgedAnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBiomarkers, TumorCholine KinaseEnzyme InhibitorsGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiceMice, Inbred NODMice, SCIDAntineoplastic AgentsAR protein, humanBiomarkers, TumorCHKA protein, humanCholine KinaseEnzyme InhibitorsMolecular ChaperonesReceptors, Androgen
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