ArticleOncotarget2016
Auranofin-mediated inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Auranofin Combination Therapy: A New Frontier in Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanism of auranofin toxicity: Inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- Repurposing Auranofin for Oncology and Beyond: A Brief Overview of Clinical Trials as Mono- and Combination Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Auranofin Induces ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis, and Its Combination With Bortezomib Elicits Paraptosis-Like Cell Death in Malignant Canine Mammary Tumour Cells.Veterinary and comparative oncology · 2025Article
- Assessing Auranofin for Second-Line Use in Chemoresistant Ovarian Cancer: Effects on Tumour Spheroid and Primary Cell Growth.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Antibacterial and anticancer properties of Solanum mauritianum fruit components analyzed using LC-QTOF-MS/MS.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Searching for New Gold(I)-Based Complexes as Anticancer and/or Antiviral Agents.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Thioredoxin-Reductase by Auranofin as a Pro-Oxidant Anticancer Strategy for Glioblastoma: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bioactivity and metabolic profiling of crude extracts from endophytic bacteria linked toHeliyon · 2025Article
- Gold complex QB1561 suppresses drug-resistant cancer cells by inhibiting TrxR and mitochondrial respiratory function.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Functional utility of gold complexes with phosphorus donor ligands in biological systems.Coordination chemistry reviews · 2025Article
- Article
- A new herbal extract carbon nanodot nanomedicine for anti-renal cell carcinoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Targeting USP14/UCHL5: A Breakthrough Approach to Overcoming Treatment-Resistant FLT3-ITD-Positive AML.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Auranofin repurposing for lung and pancreatic cancer: low CA12 expression as a marker of sensitivity in patient-derived organoids, with potentiated efficacy by AKT inhibition.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Repurposing auranofin and meclofenamic acid as energy-metabolism inhibitors and anti-cancer drugs.PloS one · 2024Article
- Shifting the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Paradigm: A Trastuzumab-Gold-Based Conjugate Demonstrates High Efficacy against Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer Mouse Model.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- Arsenic exposure and increasedRedox biochemistry and chemistry · 2023Article
- Next Generation Gold Drugs and Probes: Chemistry and Biomedical Applications.Chemical reviews · 2023Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Auranofin, a gold complex that has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in clinics and has documented pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in humans, has recently been investigated for its anticancer activity in leukemia and some solid cancers. However, auranofin's single agent activity in lung cancer is not well characterized. To determine whether auranofin has single agent activity in lung cancer, we evaluated auranofin's activity in a panel of 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Cell viability analysis revealed that auranofin induced growth inhibition in a subset of NSCLC cell lines with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) below 1.0 μM. Treatment with auranofin elicited apoptosis and necroptosis in auranofin-sensitive cell lines. Moreover, the susceptibility of NSCLC cells to auranofin was inversely correlated with TXNRD1 expression in the cells. Transient transfection of the TXNRD1-expressing plasmid in auranofin-sensitive Calu3 cells resulted in partial resistance, indicating that high TXNRD level is one of causal factors for resistance to auranofin. Further mechanistic characterization with proteomic analysis revealed that auranofin inhibits expression and/or phosphorylation of multiple key nodes in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, including S6, 4EBP1, Rictor, p70S6K, mTOR, TSC2, AKT and GSK3. Ectopic expression of TXNRD1 partially reversed auranofin-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibition, suggesting that TXNRD1 may participate in the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Administration of auranofin to mice with xenograft tumors derived from NSCLC cells significantly suppressed tumor growth without inducing obvious toxic effects. Our results demonstrated feasibility of repurposing auranofin for treatment of lung cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.