Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26655325›Full record

ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2016

CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*18 Predict Long-Term Efavirenz Exposure Measured in Hair Samples in HIV-Positive South African Women.

Carola R Röhrich, Britt I Drögemöller, Ogechi Ikediobi, Lize van der Merwe, Nelis Grobbelaar, Galen E B Wright, Nathaniel McGregor, Louise Warnich

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2B6.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2021
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Association ofPharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Efavirenz Metabolism: Influence of Polymorphic CYP2B6 Variants and Stereochemistry.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2019
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Carola R Röhrich1 Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa .
Britt I Drögemöller1 Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa .
Ogechi Ikediobi2 Departments of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco , UCSF, San Francisco, California.
Lize van der Merwe3 Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg, South Africa .
Nelis Grobbelaar5 TC Newman HIV Clinic , Paarl, South Africa .
Galen E B Wright1 Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa .
Nathaniel McGregor1 Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa .
Louise Warnich1 Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa .
Stellenbosch University · ZAUniversity of the Western Cape · ZA

Funding

Innovative methods for measuring antiretroviral exposureR01AI065233 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GREENBLATT, RUTH MARTHA · 2005 to 2010
$2.2M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI065233
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long-term exposure to efavirenz (EFV) measured in hair samples may predict response to antiretroviral treatment (ART). Polymorphisms in CYP2B6 are known to alter EFV levels. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between CYP2B6 genotype, EFV levels measured in hair, and virological outcomes on ART in a real-world setting. We measured EFV levels in hair from HIV-positive South African females who had been receiving EFV-based treatment for at least 3 months from the South African Black (SAB) (n = 81) and Cape Mixed Ancestry (CMA) (n = 53) populations. Common genetic variation in CYP2B6 was determined in 15 individuals from each population using bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Prioritized variants (n = 16) were subsequently genotyped in the entire patient cohort (n = 134). The predictive value of EFV levels in hair and selected variants in CYP2B6 on virological treatment outcomes was assessed. Previously described alleles (CYP2B6*2, CYP2B6*5, CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*17, and CYP2B6*18), as well as two novel alleles (CYP2B6*31 and CYP2B6*32), were detected in this study. Compared to noncarriers, individuals homozygous for CYP2B6*6 had ∼109% increased EFV levels in hair (p = .016) and CYP2B6*18 heterozygotes demonstrated 82% higher EFV hair levels (p = .0006). This study confirmed that alleles affecting CYP2B6 metabolism and subsequent EFV exposure are present at significant frequencies in both the SAB and CMA populations. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the use of hair samples for testing EFV concentrations may be a useful tool in determining long-term drug exposure in resource-limited countries.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAlkynesBenzoxazinesCyclopropanesCytochrome P-450 CYP2B6EthnicityFemaleHairHIV InfectionsHumansMiddle AgedReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsSequence Analysis, DNASouth AfricaYoung AdultAlkynesBenzoxazinesCyclopropanesCYP2B6 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2B6efavirenzReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID26655325
PMCPMC4892230
OpenAlexW2262078726

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.