ArticleCancer letters2016
CpG-1826 immunotherapy potentiates chemotherapeutic and anti-tumor immune responses to metronomic cyclophosphamide in a preclinical glioma model.
Article in Cancer letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel adjuvant delivery system constructed by alum-emulsion hybrid nanoparticles with TLR9 agonists boosts vaccine immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Immunogenic chemotherapy: great potential for improving response rates.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- TLR9 and Glioma: Friends or Foes?Cells · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Theoretical premises of a "three in one" therapeutic approach to treat immunogenic and nonimmunogenic cancers: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2021Review
- Toll-like receptors and toll-like receptor-targeted immunotherapy against glioma.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- Development of a therapeutic vaccine targeting Merkel cell polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 against Merkel cell carcinoma.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Review
- In Situ Tumor Vaccination with Nanoparticle Co-Delivering CpG and STAT3 siRNA to Effectively Induce Whole-Body Antitumor Immune Response.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Article
- DNA Damage Repair in Brain Tumor Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Immunocompetent Mouse Models in the Search for Effective Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2020Review
- Synergistic Toll-like Receptor 3/9 Signaling Affects Properties and Impairs Glioma-Promoting Activity of Microglia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- Immunogenic chemotherapy: Dose and schedule dependence and combination with immunotherapy.Cancer letters · 2018Review
- Decoy-Based, Targeted Inhibition of STAT3: A New Step forward for B Cell Lymphoma Immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2018Article
- The novel complex combination of alum, CpG ODN and HH2 as adjuvant in cancer vaccine effectively suppresses tumor growth in vivo.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Heterogeneity of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in B cell malignancies and its potential therapeutic application.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Review
- Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Anticancer Therapies: Radiotherapy versus Chemo- and Immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide administered on an intermittent metronomic schedule induces strong immune-dependent regression in several glioma models. Here we investigate whether this immunogenic chemotherapy can be potentiated by combination with the immune stimulatory TLR9 agonist CpG-1826. CpG-1826 treatment of GL261 gliomas implanted in immune competent mice induced tumor growth delay associated with increased tumor recruitment of macrophages and B cells. Anti-tumor responses varied between individuals, with CpG-1826 inducing robust tumor growth delay in ~50% of treated mice. Both high and low CpG-1826-responsive mice showed striking improvements when CpG-1826 was combined with cyclophosphamide treatment. Tumor-associated macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T cells were increased, T regulatory cells were not induced, and long-term GL261 glioma regression with immune memory was achieved when CpG-1826 was combined with either single cyclophosphamide dosing (90 mg/kg) or metronomic cyclophosphamide treatment (two cycles at 45 mg/kg, spaced 12-days apart). B16F10 melanoma, a low immunogenic tumor model, also showed enhanced immune and anti-tumor responses to cyclophosphamide/CpG-1826 chemoimmunotherapy, but unlike GL261 tumors, did not regress. TLR9-based immunotherapy can thus be effectively combined with immunogenic cyclophosphamide treatment to enhance immune-based anti-tumor responses, even in poorly immunogenic cancer models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.