ArticlePsychiatry research. Neuroimaging2016
Transcranial magnetic stimulation potentiates glutamatergic neurotransmission in depressed adolescents.
Article in Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03363919 (Glutamatergic and GABAergic Biomarkers in rTMS for Adolescent Depression), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Glutamatergic and GABAergic Biomarkers in rTMS for Adolescent Depression
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in adolescents with depression.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Neurostructural Differences in Adolescents With Treatment-Resistant Depression and Treatment Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Bilateral theta-burst magnetic stimulation influence on event-related brain potentials.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Acute change in anterior cingulate cortex GABA, but not glutamine/glutamate, mediates antidepressant response to citalopram.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2017Trial
- Applications and potential mechanisms of transcranial magnetic stimulation in autism spectrum disorders.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- An examination of anhedonia as a predictor of response with transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for youth with depression.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- The Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treating Alcohol Use Disorder: Neural Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- The neurobiological foundation of effective repetitive transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of individualized rTMS under sMRI guidance in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents with depressive disorders: an open-label study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Optimizing TMS Coil Placement Approaches for Targeting the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adolescents: An Electric Field Modeling Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Add-On Therapy to a Standard Treatment in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis and Concomitant Symptoms of Depression-Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial and Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation and ketamine: implications for combined treatment in depression.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Functional MRI markers for treatment-resistant depression: Insights and challenges.Progress in brain research · 2023Review
- Using metabolic imaging to investigate neuromodulatory mechanisms of rTMS.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- NAA/Glu Ratio Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Pilot Sample of Autistic Youth and Young Adults.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Insight Into the Effects of Clinical Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Brain From Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- The Impact of Theta-Burst Stimulation on Cortical GABA and Glutamate in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Surface-Based MRSI Analysis Approach.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Review
- Neurophysiological markers of response to theta burst stimulation in youth depression.Depression and anxiety · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Abnormalities in glutamate neurotransmission may have a role in the pathophysiology of adolescent depression. The present pilot study examined changes in cortical glutamine/glutamate ratios in depressed adolescents receiving high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Ten adolescents with treatment-refractory major depressive disorder received up to 30 sessions of 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 120% motor threshold with 3000 pulses per session applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Baseline, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans of the anterior cingulate cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were collected at 3T with 8-cm(3) voxels. Glutamate metabolites were quantified with 2 distinct proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy sequences in each brain region. After repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and at 6 months of follow-up, glutamine/glutamate ratios increased in the anterior cingulate cortex and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with both measurements. The increase in the glutamine/glutamate ratio reached statistical significance with the TE-optimized PRESS sequence in the anterior cingulate cortex. Glutamine/glutamate ratios increased in conjunction with depressive symptom improvement. This reached statistical significance with the TE-optimized PRESS sequence in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may modulate glutamate neurochemistry in depressed adolescents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.