Observational studyAIDS research and human retroviruses2016
Sub-Epidemics Explain Localized High Prevalence of Reduced Susceptibility to Rilpivirine in Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: Subtype and Geographic Compartmentalization of Baseline Resistance Mutations.
Observational study in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in RPV Resistance-Related Mutations Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Naïve HIV-1-Positive Individuals - China, 2004-2023.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Archived rilpivirine-associated resistance mutations among ART-naive and virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 subtype C in Botswana: implications for cabotegravir/rilpivirine use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and Evolution of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Belgium Between 2013 and 2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pre-existing singleton E138A mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene do not affect the efficacy of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens using rilpivirine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Evidence of HIV-1 Genital Shedding after One Year of Antiretroviral Therapy in Females Recently Diagnosed in Bamako, Mali.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Pre-treatment drug resistance and HIV-1 genetic diversity in the rural and urban settings of Northwest-Cameroon.PloS one · 2020Article
- Advances in Visualization Tools for Phylogenomic and Phylodynamic Studies of Viral Diseases.Frontiers in public health · 2019Review
- Pretreatment HIV drug resistance among adults initiating ART in Namibia.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Cameroon following a nationally representative WHO survey.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Quantifying the fitness cost of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations through phylodynamics.PLoS pathogens · 2018Observational
- Evaluation of the fusion inhibitor P3 peptide as a potential microbicide to prevent HIV transmission in women.PloS one · 2018Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations Update.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Article
- Genetic characterization and antiretroviral resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Jiaxing, China.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- HIV Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naïve Individuals in the Largest Public Hospital in Nicaragua, 2011-2015.PloS one · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe latest nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) rilpivirine (RPV) is indicated for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) patients initiating antiretroviral treatment, but the extent of genotypic RPV resistance in treatment-naive patients outside clinical trials is poorly defined. STUDY
designThis retrospective observational study of clinical data from Belgium and Portugal evaluates genotypic information from HIV-1 drug-naive patients obtained for the purpose of drug resistance testing. Rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations (RPV-RAMs) were defined based on clinical trials, phenotypic studies, and expert-based resistance algorithms. Viral susceptibility to RPV alone and to the single-tablet regimen was estimated using expert-based resistance algorithms.
resultsIn 4,631 HIV-1 treatment-naive patients infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes, major RPV-RAMs were detected in 4.6%, while complete viral susceptibility to RPV was estimated in 95% of patients. Subtype C- and F1-infected patients displayed the highest levels of reduced viral susceptibility at baseline, respectively 13.2% and 9.3%, mainly due to subtype- and geographic-dependent occurrence of RPV-RAMs E138A and A98G as natural polymorphisms. Strikingly, a founder effect in Portugal resulted in a 138A prevalence of 13.2% in local subtype C-infected treatment-naive patients. The presence of transmitted drug resistance did not impact our estimates.
conclusionRPV is the first HIV-1 inhibitor for which, in the absence of transmitted drug resistance, intermediate or high-level genotypic resistance can be detected in treatment-naive patients. The extent of RPV susceptibility in treatment-naive patients differs depending on the HIV-1 subtype and dynamics of local compartmentalized epidemics. The highest prevalence of reduced susceptibility was found to be 15.7% in Portuguese subtype C-infected treatment-naive patients. In this context, even in the absence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance (TDR), drug resistance testing at baseline should be considered extremely important before starting treatment with this NNRTI.
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