Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26649679›Full record

ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2015

Single exosome study reveals subpopulations distributed among cell lines with variability related to membrane content.

Zachary J Smith, Changwon Lee, Tatu Rojalin, Randy P Carney, Sidhartha Hazari, Alisha Knudson, Kit Lam, Heikki Saari, Elisa Lazaro Ibañez, Tapani Viitala and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
154citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

154 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
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  5. Review
  6. Extracellular vesicles as modulators of cancer metabolism and microenvironment.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
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  19. Review
  20. Article

94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Zachary J SmithCenter for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Changwon LeeCenter for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Tatu RojalinCenter for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Randy P CarneyDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Sidhartha HazariDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Alisha KnudsonDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Kit LamDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Heikki SaariDivision of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Elisa Lazaro IbañezDivision of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tapani ViitalaDivision of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Timo LaaksonenDivision of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Marjo YliperttulaDivision of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Sebastian Wachsmann-HogiuCenter for Biophotonics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Funding

TRAINING IN COMPARATIVE LUNG BIOLOGY AND MEDICINET32HL007013 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI Elena Goncharova, Nicholas J. KENYON · 1985 to 2026
$10.1M
National Science Foundation 1068109NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current analysis of exosomes focuses primarily on bulk analysis, where exosome-to-exosome variability cannot be assessed. In this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to study the chemical composition of single exosomes. We measured spectra of individual exosomes from 8 cell lines. Cell-line-averaged spectra varied considerably, reflecting the variation in total exosomal protein, lipid, genetic, and cytosolic content. Unexpectedly, single exosomes isolated from the same cell type also exhibited high spectral variability. Subsequent spectral analysis revealed clustering of single exosomes into 4 distinct groups that were not cell-line specific. Each group contained exosomes from multiple cell lines, and most cell lines had exosomes in multiple groups. The differences between these groups are related to chemical differences primarily due to differing membrane composition. Through a principal components analysis, we identified that the major sources of spectral variation among the exosomes were in cholesterol content, relative expression of phospholipids to cholesterol, and surface protein expression. For example, exosomes derived from cancerous versus non-cancerous cell lines can be largely separated based on their relative expression of cholesterol and phospholipids. We are the first to indicate that exosome subpopulations are shared among cell types, suggesting distributed exosome functionality. The origins of these differences are likely related to the specific role of extracellular vesicle subpopulations in both normal cell function and carcinogenesis, and they may provide diagnostic potential at the single exosome level.

Indexed as

exosomeslaser trapmembrane contentmicrovesiclesRamansingle particle

Identifiers

PMID26649679
PMCPMC4673914

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.