ArticleClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR2015
Productivity loss and resource utilization, and associated indirect and direct costs in individuals providing care for adults with schizophrenia in the EU5.
Article in ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A systematic review of the indirect costs of schizophrenia in Europe.European journal of public health · 2018Pooled it
- Associations between depressive symptoms and work productivity loss in patients with schizophrenia: an observational 48-week longitudinal study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Peripheral lncRNA-IL1RAP Dysregulation in Schizophrenia: A Multi-Omics Bridge Between Immunity and Diagnosis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Caregiver Mental Health and Sociodemographic Factors Associated with the Burden of Care in Taiwan Among Primary Caregivers of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Primary and secondary caregiver burden of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia: a qualitative study based on caregiver interviews.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Flourishing, psychological distress and internalized stigma among parents of an adult son or daughter with schizophrenia.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2023Article
- Burden of schizophrenia among Japanese patients: a cross-sectional National Health and Wellness Survey.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Understanding the Economic Value and Impacts on Informal Carers of People Living with Mental Health Conditions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Self-reported burden of caregiver of adults with depression: a cross-sectional study in five Western European countries.BMC psychiatry · 2021Observational
- Effect of Headache-Free Days on Disability, Productivity, Quality of Life, and Costs Among Individuals with Migraine.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2020Article
- Real-World Analysis of Switching Patients with Schizophrenia from Oral Risperidone or Oral Paliperidone to Once-Monthly Paliperidone Palmitate.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2020Article
- Burden for Parents of Patients With Schizophrenia-A Nationwide Comparative Study of Parents of Offspring With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Epilepsy, and Healthy Controls.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Article
- Obesity in Mexico: prevalence, comorbidities, associations with patient outcomes, and treatment experiences.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2018Article
- Relationship of airflow limitation severity with work productivity reduction and sick leave in a Japanese working population.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to understand the impact of providing care for adults with schizophrenia on productivity, resource utilization, and costs in the EU5 (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK).
methodsData from the 2010, 2011, and 2013 EU5 National Health and Wellness Survey, an online questionnaire of a nationwide sample of adults, were analyzed. Schizophrenia caregivers (n=398) were matched to noncaregivers (n=158,989) and other caregivers (n=14,341) via propensity scores. Outcome measures included health care utilization, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire-based scores, and associated direct and indirect costs (estimated from the literature). Significant differences between schizophrenia caregivers vs noncaregivers and other caregivers (eg, cancer and Alzheimer's disease) were examined.
resultsAfter matching, schizophrenia caregivers reported greater activity impairment (38.4% vs 26.1%), provider visits (8.0 vs 5.7), emergency room visits (0.9 vs 0.2), hospitalizations (0.8 vs 0.1), and direct costs (€2,258 vs €617) than noncaregivers, all P<0.001. Employed schizophrenia caregivers reported greater absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment (35.0% vs 20.7%), and indirect costs (€6,667 vs €3,795) than noncaregivers, all P<0.001. Schizophrenia caregivers (vs other caregivers) reported greater activity impairment (38.4% vs 32.3%) and provider visits (8.0 vs 6.6), P<0.05. A greater proportion of schizophrenia caregivers (vs other caregivers) reported at least one emergency room visit (26.1% vs 20.2%) and hospitalization (20.4% vs 14.3%), P<0.05. Employed schizophrenia caregivers incurred greater indirect costs than other caregivers (€6,667 vs €5,104). DISCUSSION: Schizophrenia caregivers reported greater activity impairment, resource utilization, and costs than noncaregivers and other caregivers. Better support systems for schizophrenia caregivers may help reduce the burden on the health care system and caregivers.
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