Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26648714›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2015

Hypericin-bearing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for selective drug delivery in photodynamic therapy.

Harald Unterweger, Daniel Subatzus, Rainer Tietze, Christina Janko, Marina Poettler, Alfons Stiegelschmitt, Matthias Schuster, Caroline Maake, Aldo R Boccaccini, Christoph Alexiou

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Nanotheranostics: A Cutting-edge Technology for Cancer Management.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Diverse Therapeutic Potentials of Hypericin: An In-Depth Review.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Nanodrugs systems for therapy and diagnosis of esophageal cancer.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Harald UnterwegerENT Department, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Daniel SubatzusENT Department, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Rainer TietzeENT Department, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Christina JankoENT Department, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Marina PoettlerENT Department, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Alfons StiegelschmittInstitute of Glass and Ceramics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Matthias SchusterMaterials for Electronics and Energy Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Caroline MaakeInstitute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr, Zurich, Switzerland.
Aldo R BoccacciniInstitute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Christoph AlexiouENT Department, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung · DEFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg · DEInstitute of Glass · RUUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Combining the concept of magnetic drug targeting and photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. A high selectivity as well as significant fewer side effects can be achieved by this method, since the therapeutic treatment only takes place in the area where accumulation of the particles by an external electromagnet and radiation by a laser system overlap. In this article, a novel hypericin-bearing drug delivery system has been developed by synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a hypericin-linked functionalized dextran coating. For that, sterically stabilized dextran-coated SPIONs were produced by coprecipitation and crosslinking with epichlorohydrin to enhance stability. Carboxymethylation of the dextran shell provided a functionalized platform for linking hypericin via glutaraldehyde. Particle sizes obtained by dynamic light scattering were in a range of 55-85 nm, whereas investigation of single magnetite or maghemite particle diameter was performed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and resulted in approximately 4.5-5.0 nm. Surface chemistry of those particles was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ζ potential measurements, indicating successful functionalization and dispersal stabilization due to a mixture of steric and electrostatic repulsion. Flow cytometry revealed no toxicity of pure nanoparticles as well as hypericin without exposure to light on Jurkat T-cells, whereas the combination of hypericin, alone or loaded on particles, with light-induced cell death in a concentration and exposure time-dependent manner due to the generation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, the combination of SPIONs' targeting abilities with hypericin's phototoxic properties represents a promising approach for merging magnetic drug targeting with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsMagneticsPhotochemotherapyAnthracenesCell DeathChromatography, High Pressure LiquidDextransHumansJurkat CellsMagnetite NanoparticlesParticle SizePeryleneReactive Oxygen SpeciesSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredStatic ElectricityAnthracenesDextransferumoxideshypericinMagnetite NanoparticlesPeryleneReactive Oxygen Specieshypericinmagnetic drug targetingphotodynamic therapySPION

Identifiers

PMID26648714
PMCPMC4648594
OpenAlexW2174706468

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.