ReviewAustralian prescriber2015
Choosing a combined oral contraceptive pill.
Review in Australian prescriber, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Determining the Impact of Combination Oral Contraceptives on Von Willebrand Factor and Factor VIII in Healthy Patients and Patients With Von Willebrand Disease: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Exercise Performance in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptives on Acute Responses and Chronic Adaptations to Resistance Training: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Pooled it
- Expanding Access to Oral Contraceptive Pills: Do Consumers Prefer Over-the-Counter Availability?The patient · 2026Article
- The Development of a Valid and Reliable Questionnaire to Measure Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Contraceptive Knowledge Among Athletes and Sports Performance Support Staff.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Review of hormonal replacement therapy options for the treatments of menopausal symptoms.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- Update on long- and short-acting contraceptive methods.Australian prescriber · 2025Review
- Article
- Understanding the Interplay Between Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD).Cureus · 2024Review
- A review of the pharmacology, clinical outcomes, and real-world effectiveness, safety, and non-contraceptive effects of NOMAC/E2.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Review
- Gap in knowledge of health benefits and risks of combined oral contraceptives among Lebanese women.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Female Athletes and the Menstrual Cycle in Team Sports: Current State of Play and Considerations for Future Research.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Efficacy and safety of anti-androgens in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Effect of Anthropometric Parameters on Achilles Tendon Stiffness of Professional Athletes Measured by Shear Wave Elastography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of orally administered hormonal contraceptives on the musculoskeletal system of healthy premenopausal women-A systematic review.Health science reports · 2022Review
- Effects of oral contraceptive use on muscle strength, muscle thickness, and fiber size and composition in young women undergoing 12 weeks of strength training: a cohort study.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Thromboembolic safety of norethisterone vs levonorgestrel in combined oral contraceptive users: a pooled analysis of 4 large prospective cohort studies.AJOG global reports · 2022Article
- The acute effect of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive cycle on measures of body composition.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptive Cycle on Muscle Performance and Perceptual Measures.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Development of Hormonal Intravaginal Rings: Technology and Challenges.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The combined oral contraceptive pill is an effective contraceptive method which can also offer other benefits. However, other contraceptive options should be discussed. If the pill is the chosen method, prescribe a pill with the lowest effective dose of oestrogen and progestogen. Pills containing levonorgestrel or norethisterone in combination with ethinyloestradiol 35 microgram or less are considered first-line. They are effective if taken correctly, have a relatively low risk of venous thromboembolism, and are listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. The pill is usually taken in a monthly cycle. Some women may prefer an extended pill regimen with fewer or no inactive pills.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.