Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26648001›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2015

Unexpected diversity of Anopheles species in Eastern Zambia: implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools.

Neil F Lobo, Brandyce St Laurent, Chadwick H Sikaala, Busiku Hamainza, Javan Chanda, Dingani Chinula, Sindhu M Krishnankutty, Jonathan D Mueller, Nicholas A Deason, Quynh T Hoang and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 180 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. Vector Abundance and Genetic Diversity ofPublic health challenges · 2025
    Article
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45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Neil F LoboEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Brandyce St LaurentEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Chadwick H SikaalaNational Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, P.O. Box 32509, Lusaka, Zambia.
Busiku HamainzaNational Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, P.O. Box 32509, Lusaka, Zambia.
Javan ChandaNational Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, P.O. Box 32509, Lusaka, Zambia.
Dingani ChinulaNational Malaria Control Centre, Chainama Hospital College Grounds, Off Great East road, P.O. Box 32509, Lusaka, Zambia.
Sindhu M KrishnankuttyWestern Triangle Research Center, Montana State University, Conrad, MT, USA 59425.
Jonathan D MuellerEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Nicholas A DeasonEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Quynh T HoangEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Heather L BoldtEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Julie ThumloupEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
Jennifer StevensonJohns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; and Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia.
Aklilu SeyoumAbt Associates, Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project Ghana office, Accra, Ghana.
Frank H CollinsEck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA 46556.
University of Notre Dame · USJohns Hopkins University · USTriangle · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The understanding of malaria vector species in association with their bionomic traits is vital for targeting malaria interventions and measuring effectiveness. Many entomological studies rely on morphological identification of mosquitoes, limiting recognition to visually distinct species/species groups. Anopheles species assignments based on ribosomal DNA ITS2 and mitochondrial DNA COI were compared to morphological identifications from Luangwa and Nyimba districts in Zambia. The comparison of morphological and molecular identifications determined that interpretations of species compositions, insecticide resistance assays, host preference studies, trap efficacy, and Plasmodium infections were incorrect when using morphological identification alone. Morphological identifications recognized eight Anopheles species while 18 distinct sequence groups or species were identified from molecular analyses. Of these 18, seven could not be identified through comparison to published sequences. Twelve of 18 molecularly identified species (including unidentifiable species and species not thought to be vectors) were found by PCR to carry Plasmodium sporozoites - compared to four of eight morphological species. Up to 15% of morphologically identified Anopheles funestus mosquitoes in insecticide resistance tests were found to be other species molecularly. The comprehension of primary and secondary malaria vectors and bionomic characteristics that impact malaria transmission and intervention effectiveness are fundamental in achieving malaria elimination.

Indexed as

BiodiversityAnimalsAnophelesBehavior, AnimalDNA, IntergenicGenes, InsectInsecticide ResistanceInsect VectorsMosquito ControlPhylogenySequence Analysis, DNAZambiaDNA, Intergenic

Identifiers

PMID26648001
PMCPMC4673690
OpenAlexW2294544759

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.