ReviewOncotarget2016
Understanding the role of the kynurenine pathway in human breast cancer immunobiology.
Review in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of the Kynurenine Pathway and Psychoneurological Symptoms Among Adult Cancer Survivors.Biological research for nursing · 2020Pooled it
- Exploring the Etiological Links behind Neurodegenerative Diseases: Inflammatory Cytokines and Bioactive Kynurenines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Different endurance exercises modulate NK cell cytotoxic and inhibiting receptors.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Body mass index-associated gut microbial taxa and functional pathways in women with benign and malignant breast disease.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Kynurenine pathway dysregulation via loss of QPRT drives declines in activity and altered metabolism in mice.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Tryptophan metabolite atlas uncovers organ, age, and sex-specific variations.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in Cancer.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
- Identification and evaluation of metabolic mRNAs and key miRNAs in colorectal cancer liver metastasis.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Leveraging dysregulated tumor metabolism for targeting anticancer bacteria.Science advances · 2025Article
- Recombinant Protein Spectral Library (rPSL) DIA-MS method improves identification and quantification of low-abundance cancer-associated and kynurenine pathway proteins.Communications chemistry · 2025Article
- Myeloid cells are involved in tumor immunity, metastasis and metabolism in tumor microenvironment.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Review
- Article
- Review
- Role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 in immunosuppression of breast cancer.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Review
- Comparative Analysis of Breast Cancer Metabolomes Highlights Fascin's Central Role in Regulating Key Pathways Related to Disease Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring the Surface: Sampling of Potential Skin Cancer Biomarkers Kynurenine and Tryptophan, Studied on 3D Melanocyte and Melanoma Models.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Tryptophan fuels MYC-dependent liver tumorigenesis through indole 3-pyruvate synthesis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitor treatment in a mouse model of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- Dual effect of vitamin DBMC cancer · 2024Article
- The Role of Amino Acids in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Mechanisms in Cancer: A Review.Metabolites · 2023Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of cancer related death in women. While current diagnostic modalities provide opportunities for early medical intervention, significant proportions of breast tumours escape treatment and metastasize. Gaining increasing recognition as a factor in tumour metastasis is the local immuno-surveillance environment. Following identification of the role played by the enzyme indoleamine dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in mediating maternal foetal tolerance, the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism has emerged as a key metabolic pathway contributing to immune escape. In inflammatory conditions activation of the KP leads to the production of several immune-modulating metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, picolinic acid and quinolinic acid. KP over-activation was first described in BrCa patients in the early 1960s. More evidence has since emerged to suggest that the IDO1 is elevated in advanced BrCa patients and is associated with poor prognosis. Further, IDO1 positive breast tumours have a positive correlation with the density of immune suppressive Foxp3+ T regulatory cells and lymph node metastasis. The analysis of clinical microarray data in invasive BrCa compared to normal tissue showed, using two microarray databank (cBioportal and TCGA), that 86.3% and 91.4% BrCa patients have altered KP enzyme expression respectively. Collectively, these data highlight the key roles played by KP activation in BrCa, particularly in basal BrCa subtypes where expression of most KP enzymes was altered. Accordingly, the use of KP enzyme inhibitors in addition to standard chemotherapy regimens may present a viable therapeutic approach.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.