Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26645413›Full record

Trial reportThorax2016

UK Lung Cancer RCT Pilot Screening Trial: baseline findings from the screening arm provide evidence for the potential implementation of lung cancer screening.

J K Field, S W Duffy, D R Baldwin, D K Whynes, A Devaraj, K E Brain, T Eisen, J Gosney, B A Green, J A Holemans and 16 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Thorax, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
151citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

151 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  8. Guideline
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  10. Lung Cancer Screening, Version 3.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2018
    Guideline
  11. Recommendations from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) regarding computed tomography screening for lung cancer in Europe.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2017
    Guideline
  12. Pooled it
  13. Trial
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  15. Prolonged lung cancer screening reduced 10-year mortality in the MILD trial: new confirmation of lung cancer screening efficacy.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2019
    Trial
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91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

J K FieldRoy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
S W DuffyQueen Mary University of London, London, UK.
D R BaldwinDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
D K WhynesSchool of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
A DevarajRoyal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
K E BrainCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
T EisenUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
J GosneyDepartment of Pathology, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK.
B A GreenRoy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
J A HolemansLiverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK.
T KavanaghLung Cancer Patient Advocate, Liverpool, UK.
K M KerrDepartment of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.
M LedsonLiverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK.
K J LiffordCardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.
F E McRonaldRoy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
A NairGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
R D PageLiverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK.
M K B ParmarMedical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK.
D M RasslDepartment of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
R C RintoulDepartment of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
N J ScreatonDepartment of Histopathology, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
N J WaldQueen Mary University of London, London, UK.
D WellerCenter for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
P R WilliamsonRoy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
G YadegarfarRoy Castle Lung Cancer Research Programme, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
D M HansellRoyal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Funding

Department of Health 07/82/01Department of Health 09/61/01Department of Health 09/61/501
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLung cancer screening using low-dose CT (LDCT) was shown to reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% in the National Lung Screening Trial.

methodsThe pilot UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) is a randomised controlled trial of LDCT screening for lung cancer versus usual care. A population-based questionnaire was used to identify high-risk individuals. CT screen-detected nodules were managed by a pre-specified protocol. Cost effectiveness was modelled with reference to the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial mortality reduction.

results247 354 individuals aged 50-75 years were approached; 30.7% expressed an interest, 8729 (11.5%) were eligible and 4055 were randomised, 2028 into the CT arm (1994 underwent a CT). Forty-two participants (2.1%) had confirmed lung cancer, 34 (1.7%) at baseline and 8 (0.4%) at the 12-month scan. 28/42 (66.7%) had stage I disease, 36/42 (85.7%) had stage I or II disease. 35/42 (83.3%) had surgical resection. 536 subjects had nodules greater than 50 mm(3) or 5 mm diameter and 41/536 were found to have lung cancer. One further cancer was detected by follow-up of nodules between 15 and 50 mm(3) at 12 months. The baseline estimate for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of once-only CT screening, under the UKLS protocol, was £8466 per quality adjusted life year gained (CI £5542 to £12 569).

conclusionsThe UKLS pilot trial demonstrated that it is possible to detect lung cancer at an early stage and deliver potentially curative treatment in over 80% of cases. Health economic analysis suggests that the intervention would be cost effective-this needs to be confirmed using data on observed lung cancer mortality reduction.

trial registrationISRCTN 78513845.

Indexed as

AgedEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedPilot ProjectsPrevalencePrognosisReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTomography, X-Ray ComputedUnited KingdomImaging/CT MRI etcLung Cancer

Identifiers

PMID26645413
PMCPMC4752629

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.