ArticleJournal of research in pharmacy practice
A news media analysis of economic sanction effects on access to medicine in Iran.
Article in Journal of research in pharmacy practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Direct and indirect effects of economic sanctions on health: a systematic narrative literature review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Financial Protection Indexes and the Iranian Health Transformation Plan: A Systematic Review.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Assessment of the Effects of Economic Sanctions on Iranians' Right to Health by Using Human Rights Impact Assessment Tool: A Systematic Review.International journal of health policy and management · 2018Pooled it
- Health service disruptions under economic sanctions: evidence from Iran.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Effects of economic sanctions on cancer care for patients in Iran: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Health and Strategies for Mitigation: A Glance at the Case of Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Review
- Drivers of vulnerability to medicine smuggling and combat strategies: a qualitative study based on online news media analysis in Iran.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- The experiences and perceptions of people with chronic and rare diseases during political-economic sanctions in Iran: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Policies and measures implemented to reduce the impact of international sanctions on Iran's pharmaceutical sector.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Challenge of Politico-Economic Sanctions on Pharmaceutical Procurement in Iran: A Qualitative Study.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Control of antimicrobial resistance in Iran: the role of international factors.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Policies to improve access to pharmaceutical products in shortage: the experience of Iran food and drug administration.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2019Article
- Does Economic Instability Affect Healthcare Provision? Evidence Based on the Urban Family Physician Program in Iran.Korean journal of family medicine · 2017Article
- Epidemiology and outcome of 2,590 burned patients in Northwest Iran.Annals of burns and fire disasters · 2017Article
- Addressing the impact of economic sanctions on Iranian drug shortages in the joint comprehensive plan of action: promoting access to medicines and health diplomacy.Globalization and health · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn the past decades economic sanctions have been used by different countries or international organizations in order to deprive target countries of some transactions. While the sanctions do not target health care systems or public health structures, they may, in fact, affect the availability of health care in target countries. In this study, we used media analysis to assess the impacts of recent sanctions imposed by the Central Bank of Iran in 2012 on access to medicines in Iran.
methodsWe searched different sources of written news media including a database of nonspecialized weeklies and magazines, online news sources, web pages of daily newspapers and healthcare oriented weeklies from 2011 to 2013. We searched the sources using the general term "medicine" to reduce the chances of missing relevant items. The identified news media were read, and categorized under three groups of items announcing "shortage of medicines," "medicines related issues" and "no shortage." We conducted trend analyzes to see whether the news media related to access to medicines were affected by the economic sanctions.
findingsA total number of 371 relevant news media were collected. The number of news media related to medicines substantially increased in the study period: 30 (8%), 161 (43%) and 180 (49%) were published in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. While 145 (39%) of media items referred to the shortage of medicines, 97 (26%) reported no shortage or alleviating of concerns.
conclusionMedia analysis suggests a clear increase in the number of news media reporting a shortage in Iran after the sanctions. In 2013, there were accompanying increases in the number of news media reporting alleviation of the shortages of medicines. Our analysis provides evidence of negative effects of the sanctions on access to medicines in Iran.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.