ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Repeatable and adjustable on-demand sciatic nerve block with phototriggerable liposomes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultra-slow release of hydrophilic drugs via multilamellar-multivesicular liposomes formed by unsaturated phospholipids.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Recent advances in nanomaterial-based strategies for chronic pain alleviation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Design and Application of Intelligent Local Anesthetic Nanoformulations.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Drug-caged drugs enable photocatalytic dual decaging of nitric oxide and anesthetics for antibacterial analgesia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Treating venous malformations with nanomedicines.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Bioresponsive engineered nanoparticles for immunomodulation.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- Enhanced Control of Liposomal Drug Release by Drug-Aptamer Complexes.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Emerging advances in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for optimizing cancer complications.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Intelligent Drug Delivery: Pioneering Stimuli-Responsive Systems to Revolutionize Disease Management- An In-depth Exploration.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- Molecular Dynamics Insights into Peptide-Based Tetrodotoxin Delivery Nanostructures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Vesicle-based formulations for pain treatment: a narrative review.Pain reports · 2024Review
- Capsaicin-Loaded Melanin Nanoparticles for Long-Lasting Nociceptive-Selective Nerve Blockade.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
- Nanotechnology in Pain Management.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Externally triggered drug delivery systems.Smart materials in medicine · 2024Article
- Nanomedicine and voltage-gated sodium channel blockers in pain management: a game changer or a lost cause?Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- Galacturonic acid-capsaicin prodrug for prolonged nociceptive-selective nerve blockade.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Miniaturized therapeutic systems for ultrasound-modulated drug delivery to the central and peripheral nervous system.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- On-Demand Opioid Effect Reversal with an Injectable Light-Triggered Polymer-Naloxone Conjugate.Nano letters · 2023Article
- Methyl-Branched Liposomes as a Depot for Sustained Drug Delivery.Nano letters · 2023Article
- Aromatized liposomes for sustained drug delivery.Nature communications · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pain management would be greatly enhanced by a formulation that would provide local anesthesia at the time desired by patients and with the desired intensity and duration. To this end, we have developed near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered liposomes to provide on-demand adjustable local anesthesia. The liposomes contained tetrodotoxin (TTX), which has ultrapotent local anesthetic properties. They were made photo-labile by encapsulation of a NIR-triggerable photosensitizer; irradiation at 730 nm led to peroxidation of liposomal lipids, allowing drug release. In vitro, 5.6% of TTX was released upon NIR irradiation, which could be repeated a second time. The formulations were not cytotoxic in cell culture. In vivo, injection of liposomes containing TTX and the photosensitizer caused an initial nerve block lasting 13.5 ± 3.1 h. Additional periods of nerve block could be induced by irradiation at 730 nm. The timing, intensity, and duration of nerve blockade could be controlled by adjusting the timing, irradiance, and duration of irradiation. Tissue reaction to this formulation and the associated irradiation was benign.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.