ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Variation in CYP2A6 and tobacco dependence throughout adolescence and in young adult smokers.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic change in the association of a cigarettes-per-day polygenic risk score across the numeric range of its corresponding phenotype over adolescence and young adulthood.Addictive behaviors · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluating metronidazole as a novel, safe CYP2A6 phenotyping probe in healthy adults.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Trial
- Nicotine metabolites generate craniofacial defects that are worsened by ethanol exposure.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Nicotine metabolite ratio and clinically significant depressive symptoms in U.S. adults: A smoker-specific association.Medicine · 2026Observational
- Polygenic Risk for Substance Use Disorders as Predictors of Substance Use Initiation Among African American Youth.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Genetic influences impacting nicotine use and abuse during adolescence: Insights from human and rodent studies.Brain research bulletin · 2022Review
- Nicotine metabolite ratio: Comparison of the three urinary versions to the plasma version and nicotine clearance in three clinical studies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Relating individual differences in nicotine dependence severity to underpinning motivational and pharmacological processes among smokers from vulnerable populations.Preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Inter-individual and inter-regional variations in enteric drug metabolizing enzyme activities: Results with cryopreserved human intestinal mucosal epithelia (CHIM) from the small intestines of 14 donors.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Article
- Stability in effects of different smoking-related polygenic risk scores over age and smoking phenotypes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Nicotine-Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2019Article
- Does the nicotine metabolite ratio moderate smoking cessation treatment outcomes in real-world settings? A prospective study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Observational
- CYP2A6 metabolism in the development of smoking behaviors in young adults.Addiction biology · 2018Article
- Characterising the nicotine metabolite ratio and its association with treatment choice: A cross sectional analysis of Stop Smoking Services in England.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Nicotine Metabolite Ratio (NMR) Prospectively Predicts Smoking Relapse: Longitudinal Findings From ITC Surveys in Five Countries.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is influenced by genetic factors including variation in CYP2A6 and CYP2B6, which encode nicotine-metabolizing enzymes. In early adolescence, CYP2A6 slow nicotine metabolism was associated with higher dependence acquisition, but reduced cigarette consumption. Here we extend this work by examining associations of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 with tobacco dependence acquisition in a larger sample of smokers followed throughout adolescence.
methodsWhite participants from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens cohort that had ever inhaled (n=421) were followed frequently from age 12-18 years. Cox's proportional hazards models compared the risk of ICD-10 tobacco dependence acquisition (score 3+) for CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 metabolism groups. Early smoking experiences, as well as amount smoked at end of follow-up, was also computed. At age 24 (N=162), we assessed concordance between self-reported cigarette consumption and salivary cotinine.
resultsIn those who initiated inhalation during follow-up, CYP2A6 slow (vs. normal) metabolizers were at greater risk of dependence (hazards ratio (HR)=2.3; 95% CI=1.1, 4.8); CYP2B6 slow (vs. normal) metabolizers had non-significantly greater risk (HR=1.5; 95% CI=0.8, 2.6). Variation in CYP2A6 or CYP2B6 was not significantly associated with early smoking symptoms or cigarette consumption at end of follow-up. At age 24, neither gene was significantly associated with dependence status. Self-reported consumption was associated with salivary cotinine, a biomarker of tobacco exposure, acquired at age 24 (B=0.37; P<0.001).
conclusionsOur findings extend previous work indicating that slow nicotine metabolism mediated by CYP2A6, and perhaps CYP2B6, increases risk for tobacco dependence throughout adolescence.
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