Trial reportInternational journal of geriatric psychiatry2016
Does targeted cognitive training reduce educational disparities in cognitive function among cognitively normal older adults?
Trial report in International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on Predictors of Working Memory Training Responsiveness in Healthy Older Adults: Methodological Challenges and Future Directions.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Cognitive Interventions for Cognitively Healthy, Mildly Impaired, and Mixed Samples of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized-Controlled Trials.Neuropsychology review · 2017Pooled it
- Feasibility of lifestyle interventions for cognition in adults with low education.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- Cognitive Training for Reduction of Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Dynamic Useful Field of View Training to Enhance Older Adults' Cognitive and Motor Function: A Pilot Study.Journal of cognitive enhancement : towards the integration of theory and practice · 2021Article
- Intensive naming training for low-educated demented and non-demented elderly.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2020Article
- Prognostic factors for change in memory test performance after memory training in healthy older adults: a systematic review and outline of statistical challenges.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2020Review
- MIND food and speed of processing training in older adults with low education, the MINDSpeed Alzheimer's disease prevention pilot trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2019Article
- Working Memory Capacity as a Predictor of Cognitive Training Efficacy in the Elderly Population.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Article
- Factors Explaining Language Performance After Training in Elders With and Without Subjective Cognitive Decline.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- Efficacy of Cognitive Training in Older Adults with and without Subjective Cognitive Decline Is Associated with Inhibition Efficiency and Working Memory Span, Not with Cognitive Reserve.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- Speed of processing training results in lower risk of dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2017Article
- To boost or to CRUNCH? Effect of effortful encoding on episodic memory in older adults is dependent on executive functioning.PloS one · 2017Article
- The effect of cognitive training on the subjective perception of well-being in older adults.PeerJ · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate educational differences in treatment responses to memory, reasoning, and speed of processing cognitive training relative to no-contact control.
methodsSecondary analyses of the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly trial were conducted. Two thousand eight hundred older adults were randomized to memory, reasoning, or speed of processing training or no-contact control. A repeated-measures mixed-effects model was used to investigate immediate post-training and 1-year outcomes with sensitivity analyses out to 10 years. Outcomes were as follows: (1) memory composite of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test; (2) reasoning composite of letter series, letter sets, and word series; and (3) speed of processing measured using three trials of useful field of view and the digit symbol substitution test.
resultsThe effects of reasoning and memory training did not differ by educational attainment. The effect of speed of processing training did. Those with fewer than 12 years of education experienced a 50% greater effect on the useful field of view test compared with those with 16 or more years of education. The training advantage for those with fewer than 12 years of education was maintained to 3 years post-training.
conclusionOlder adults with less than a secondary education are at elevated risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The analyses here indicate that speed of processing training is effective in older adults with low educational attainment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.